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ABH s.47 OAPA 1861 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Requires proof of the actus reus of either an assault or battery.
    - - The assault or battery must occasion actual bodily harm, so for there to be criminal liability, there must be an unbroken chain of causation.
        
        It was held that an intervening act will not break the chain of causation if it was reasonably foreseeable -R v Roberts (1971)
    - - The definition of ABH was clarified in the case of R v Miller (1954) as ‘any hurt or injury calculated to interfere with the health or comfort of the victim’ which means it can be physical or psychological harm.
        
        In R v Chan-Fook (1994) it was held that the offence can cover psychological injury, but this must be confirmed by a medical expert.