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Pathogenic Bacteria in Gut Lumen, Interrelations of Gut Mucosal Immune…
Pathogenic Bacteria in Gut Lumen
Transcytosis via
M Cells (Microfold Cells)
Pathogenic bacteria in gut submucosa
Enter into
Peyer's Patches consisting of
Dendritic Cells
Can extend into gut lumen
Capture pathogenic and commensal bacteria
Presents to naïve B cells and T cells
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Exist within peyer's patch or other GALT
Inhibit inflammation in gut
B-Cells follicle
T cell follicle
Exposure via antigens or professional presentation cells
Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Contains
Dedritic cells in lamina propria
Mast cells
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Isolated B Cell follicles
Epithelial cells
Detects bacterial cell walls via NOD and TLR receptors
Release antimicrobial peptides, chemokines, and cytokines
Prevented access by
Physical Barriers
Commensal Microorganisms
Mucus
Contains
Proteoglycans, glycoproteins, enzymes, peptides, etc.
Mucin
Large glycoprotein, primary component of mucus
Acts by
Prevents access to epithelial lining
Binds to commensal and pathogenic bacteria
Defensins kill bacteria trapped by mucus and IgA
IgM differentiates into
Secretory dimeric IgA
Binds to mucus
Monomeric IgA
activates
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
Acts by
Releasing cytokines acting at Cytotoxic T cell
which are
CD8 T cells
Contain
γδ T-cell receptor
αβ T-cell receptor
Found w/i
Epithelial cells of small intestine
Interrelations of Gut Mucosal Immune System and Pathogenic Bacteria