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Debating the barriers of NFM uptake - Coggle Diagram
Debating the barriers of NFM uptake
economics
Holstead. K. L
farm business viability critical to farmers attittudes towards NFM
Opportunity cost of giving up land considered valuable for NFMs
insuffient funding
'CAP provides inadequat support to encourage NFM uptake by majority of Scottish farmers'
higher financial incentives required to increase NFM uptake nationally (Scotland)
knowledge of funding schemes and liklingess of implementing NFM over next 5 years
'requirement for external funding to consider implementing NFM'
own thoughts {future elms payments deliver this external funding}
heavy paperwork load involved to apply for funding to implement NFM a sig barrier
potential for irreversible land use change
long term contracts seen as most appropriate
b/t 10 and 40 years or one that could last a life time
could this be provided by elm payments
what financial incentives are needed?
Holstead K.L
'level of compensation that competes with dynamic market prices'
ELM payments could provide this?
farm financial viability
Nisbet and Thomas, 2008
Parrott et al., 2009
Rouillard, 2010
Werritty et al., 2010
Waylen et al., 2011
NFMs must make business case
availability of advice and available information
Holstead K.L
more personal support
clearer information required
both important to encouraging implementation of NFM
including trusted advisor and 1-1 support
help also with related pest issues that could damage non-NFM land
'lack of advice and support main barrier to NFM'
bigger barrier to financial barriers
lacking knowledge regarding NFMs by farmers
six in 10 farmers knew nothing at all about NFM (59%)
farmers knowledable about NFM sig more likely to know of funding schemes for NFM than those who did not know what NFM was
Public perception
Holstead K.L.
potential negative public perception of farmers for NFM uptake
poor visual appearance of NFM features may influence NFM uptake
untidy appearance of land could portray farmers as having poor land management skills
affect reputation
Catchment planning
Holsted K.L et al 2017
Joined up policy
Holstead K.L.
current flood management regulations counteracting existing historical practices that protect the most productive flood plain fields from flooding
flood management regulations designed to encourage NFM thought by farmers to contribute to flood, thus farmers disinclined to install them
Tradition
Holsted K.L et al 2017
'Culture change required within flood risk management to collaborate more freely'
K.A. Waylen et al 2017
Governance
lack of governance over long-term responsibility for NFM
Wells, Josh
Inertia and resistance to change by institutions responsible for flood management Buuren et al., 2015; Sarabi et al., 2019) [found in Wingfield et al. 2021)
Science
Ellis, N (2021)
lack of supporting evidence of effectiveness of NFMs hindering uptake of NFM
also supported by K. A Waylen, et al 2017
'technical knowledge and evidence areas of least concern (Wingfield et al. Thea)
Going forward
recomendations from academics
economic
Incentives 'administratively simple' and joined up with other farm payments (Holstead, K.L)
increase level and duration of payments for agri0environment measures beneficial for flood risk management (Holstead, K.L)
'New flood risk management funding for NFM, perhaps at national level' Holstead K.L
Long-term financial incentives
Holstead, K.L
advice is essential (Holsted, K.L)
factor relevant context of the farm and views of farmer (Holsted, K.L)
advice includes awareness of opportunities and risks related to NFMs
Understanding the impact NFM can have on alleviating flooding on 'both the farm and downstream', as well additional public benefits that can be provided by NFM installation - Holstead, K.L
who should advise and how ?
one to one basis by trusted independant intermediariers e.g. farm advisors or local catchment organisations
'joint effort between individuals, communities and gov bodies'
hollistic effort
'adjustements not only to flood risk management, but to urban planning, water policy institutions, and funding schemes may be needed to support NFM iniatives'
e.g. linking environmental regs on protection of water resources with flood risk management
who needs to uptake NFMs
type of problem NFM uptake is
described by Wingfield, T as a 'wicked problem'
Transition over recent years of main barriers of NFM uptake
2017
theme of main barrier centred around the shortage of the evidence base
Wingfield, T.
2019
in contrast, theme of main barrier focused around delivery mechanisms
echoed by
Wingfield et al., 2019
Environment Agency, 2019 (see Wingfield, T 2021)
Lack of resources
Waylen K.A et al 2017