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Sociology, Socialisation, Ethnocentrism, Xenocentrism - Coggle Diagram
Sociology
Culture
Characteristics of culture
Culture is learned
Culture is shared
Culture is based on symbols
Culture is integrated
Culture is dynamic
Types of Culture
Material culture
non-material culture
Elements of culture
Norms
Mores
Folkways
Taboo
Values
Beliefs
Sanctions
Customs
sub-culture
Cultural relativism
Multi-culturalism
High culture
Ideal cullture
Popular culture
Acculturation
Assimilation
Separation
Integration
Marginalization
Transmutation
Factors for diffusion of different cultural groups
Exogamy
Tolerance
Multiculturalism
Migration
Education
Economic opportunities
Accomodation
Factors
Coercion
Compromise
Arbitration
Conversion
Sublimation
Scientific study of society- Auguste Comte
Study of society
Patterns of social relationships
Culture that surrounds everyday life
Uses various methods of empirical investigations and analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order and social change
Study of Social Action -Max Weber
Study of collective behaviour
Study of social facts through social institutions- Emile Durkheim
Importance of Sociology
Understand human diversity
Explain crime and deviance
Understand complex world
Develop complex thinking
Develop underdeveloped world
Using examples of developed world to understand and develop underdeveloped world
Society
Theories
Social Contract Theory
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Organic Theory
Relationship between society and man
Society is a system of relations among individuals
The system moulds our attitudes, beliefs and ideals.
There is no common will of society. When we say that a group has a common mind, then the tendencies to thoughts, feelings and actions is widely dominant in group. These tendencies are due to the interactions between the individuals and their present relations
Rural-Urban migration
Theories related to migration
Rational choice theory
Lee's push and pull model
The new economics theory
Reasons for migration
Employment opportunities
Unavability of better services
High chances of personal growth
Technological changes
Scarcity and unequal distribution of land
Education
Increased in materialistic tendencies
High fertility
Refuge seeking
Impacts of migration
Increased crime rate
Increased in urban slums
Housing issues
Congestion
Environmental degradation
Impersonality
Remedies
Increase employment opportunities
By improving infrastructure
Shifting the industrial sector to rural areas
Types of society
Hunting and Gathering society
Herding or pastoral
Horticultural Society
Agrarian Society
Industrial Society
Post-Industrial Society
Social Problems in Pakistan
Research method
Social control
Sociological Perspectives
1838 Auguste Comte
Socialisation
Types of Socialisation
Primary socialisation
Secondary socialisation
Anticipatory socialisation
Development socialisation
Re-socialisation
Broad and Narrow socialisation
Positive and negative socialisation
Adult socialisation
Broadly categorized into
Formal socialisation
Informal soiclisation
Agents of socialisation
Family
Peer groups
Schools
Religion
Mass media
Ethnocentrism
Xenocentrism