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subnets, Datagram - Coggle Diagram
subnets
Special IPs
Subnet + 0
subnet ID
1.1.1.1
Local broadcast limited
subnet + 1
directed broadcast net
127 + anything
loopback
ip routing
one entry for subnet
ip addresses grouped by subnet
Hierarchical addressing
IP addressing
classful
C
8 bits hosts
24 bits net
110
a single network 3 sizes
A
0
first 2 bits
1110
multicast
1111
future
subnetting
VLSM
net mask needed
1s for net 0s host
net mask ID + IP = address
classless addressing
subnet -> nets
CIDR
prefix length + host id
new notation
no classes
last byte netmask (not 254)
at least 4 IPs available (byte =252)
you need net ID and broadcast
hierarchical router table entries
not all -> group them
device
IP
netmask
default gateway
first hop router
one arm router
multiple subnets in one net
single net interface -> different IPs
proxy arp
one subnet multiple nets
address resolution protocol
get MAC from IP
Arp query by A
everyone receives (MAC addr FF...)
arp reply by B
MAC rec / Mac Sender/ arp req/mac send/ip sender/??/ip rec
first 2 header link layer
last 5 arp packet fields
LAN
MAC addresses IEEE
link layer plug and play
Flat address -> portable
IP
Hierarchical
depends on IP subnet
Not portable
if we move is changed
routing other LAN
A knows B ip
A knows first Hop ip and mac
difficult!
passed to frame (MAC A and next hop)
always updating up and down
IP A and B (net layer) dont change
first 3 bytes -> identify subnet
v-lan
Datagram
TTL
Drop to prevent loops
to avoid overload
defined in hops (from 64 to 0)
upper layer
define transport protocol to pass pkt
Fragmentation