Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Tenses - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Shall I call Lamar?
        
        No, she won't want to be distubed.
      - When do you think you'll finish work?
  - - - Today at five I'll be driving home so don't call me.
  - - - We use it when something is going
        to end before a point in the future
        
        I'll have finished the project before the end of the month.
      - about result
    - - We use it (not always) when there's by the time, when and before
      - We use it when some action started before cretain point in the future
        
        They'll be going out together for two weeks this Friday.
      - about time
  - - - prediction based on present evidence
        
        The sky's gone really dark. There's going to be a storm.
      - more informal
        
        What are you gonna do?
      - planed activities
        
        This weekend we're going to play football.
    - - timetable
        
        The train leaves in 15 minutes.
    - - arranged visits
        
        I'm seeing my doctor on Monday.
- - - - this morning
        this year
        etc
        
        completed timeperiod = Past Simple
        includes the present moment = Present Perfect
        
        I didn't shave this morning. I'll do it tomorrow.
        I haven't shaved this morning. I'll do it after breakfast.
      - time clauses:
        after/when/until/as soon as/once/by the time
        
        reference to the past = Past Simple
        reference to the future = Present Perfect
        
        After she left the hospital, she had a long holidays.
        After Lucas has left school, he will be spending six mounths in India.
      - news
        
        first mentioning the event = Present Perfect
        later = Past Simple
        
        An American woman has become the first person to make 2 million contributions to Wikipedia. Esther Miller began editing the site eight years ago.
    - - She got up when the alarm clock went off.
    - - We went to Spain three times last year.
      - However,...
        
        when the repeated action was
        in some restricted period of time, we use continuous
        
        When Kasia was in the hospital,
        we were visiting her twice a day.
    - - stories
        
        background = continuous
        events = simple
        
        Erika dropped her bad while she was getting into her car.
      - sth we intended to do but didn't
        
        We were meaning/ment to call in and see you,
        but Marc wasn't feeling well.
  - - - When I was reading, he was cooking.
    - - I was thinking of going to China next year but it depends on how much money I've got.
  - - - finshed activities
        before a certain point in the past
        
        I had finished the ironing so I stared cleaning the windows.
      - how many times
        
        How many times had you meet him before yesterday?
    - - activities in progress
        before a certain point in the past
        
        I had been finishing some work in the garden when Lea arrived.
      - no time/duration = simple not perfect
        
        I first met Mateo and Lucia when they had been going out for 5 years already.
        
        Karin met Lars when she was going out with his best friend.
      - no state verbs
        even though describing duration
        
        We had owned the car for only six weeks when the clutch broke.
    - - I came home and I realised I had lost the keys.
      - However,
        
        if the sequence is obvious,
        we don't have to use Past Perfect
        
        We bought a new car last month. We'd driven my parents' old car for ages but it started to fall apart. We put a new engine in it but it didn't solve the problem.
- - - - I suggest you park outside the city and get the bus to the centre.
    - - I was sitting in the park, reading a newspapper, when all of a sudden this dog jumps at me.
    - - King serves to the left-hand court and Adams makes a wonderful return.
    - - Second quake hits Japan.
    - - In the film, Loni Baranski takes the role of a private detective.
  - - - exception:
        when we want to emphesise
        that the situation is temporary
        
        Ella's with us at the moment. The children are loving to have her around
      - exception:
        menatal state verbs
        when we have recently started
        or
        we are unsure
        
        I'm regretting my decission to give her the job
    - - Some verbs have different meaning when used as "state" and "action"
        
        I think you're right.
        I'm thinking about buying a new car.
      - negative performatives
        some verbs have the same meaning in present simple and continuous when used in negative sentence
        
        I don't deny.
        I'm not denying.
    - - You're always talking on the phone so loud!
    - - Seven o'clock is a bit early. We are generally eating then.
  - - - both
        
        result
        
        repetead action
        over extend period of time
        
        Continuous
        
        He's been playing squash and needs a showe.
        
        single event
        
        Simple
        
        He's broken his finger and is in a lot of pain.
      - how many time
        
        I've read this book twice.
    - - sth in progress
        
        Have you been working in the garden all day?
      - often with time expression
      - not with unchanging states
        
        Have you known each other long?
      - to complain
        
        Who've been emssing with around with my papers?!
    - - I've been living here for 2 years.
        I've known him since we were kids.
        Have you met any neighbourse sinse you've lived here?
    - - It is/will be the first time I've been so far from home.
- - - - events
      - result
      - repeated
      - how many times
      - general
      - states
    - - -ing
      - activities over a certain time
      - complains
      - how long
      - no states, unless in progres/changing/unsure
    - - past participle
        
        sth from a point of view of a later time
        
        relation between sth and the present moment