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Ekelund - Coggle Diagram

- - - - diet-induced energy expenditure DEE
      - basal energy expenditure BEE (BMR?)
      - physical activity energy expenditure PAEE -> influenced by bodysize
      - resting energy expenditure REE (body composition, age, sex, environment, genetics) -> indirect calorimetry
        
        fat free mass FFM -> main determinant of REE
        
        largest component of TEE
  - - - current validity (2 measures compared)
      - reliability (reproducibility, consistent results)
      - criterion validity (against gold standard)
      - sensitivity (change over time)
  - - - cost-effective
      - diaries & PA logs
      - detailled
      - questionnaires
      - global self-reports
      - surveillance instruments (IPAQ/GPAQ) -> reliable but not valid
  - - - valid for step counting & filters non-step movements
      - less valid for specific population & activities
      - number & cadence of steps
      - no information on frequency & duration
      - smartphones = inaccurate
    - - acceleration = proportional to muscular forces
      - filters non-human movement
      - direct measure of movement
      - 1, 2, or 3 planes (vertical, medio-lateral, anterior-posterior)
      - NO measure of EE
      - affected by type of activity
      - outcome
        
        intensity specific time estimates (sedentary, light/moderate/vigorous, accumulated/continuous PA)
        
        PA recommendations
        
        overall PA (steps, counts, PA patterns)
      - strengths
        
        data on PA patterns
        
        children & sporadic PA
        
        easy
        
        excellent data storage
        
        accurate
        
        intensity specific PA -> accumulated min -> METs
        
        continuous time in MVPA
      - limitations
        
        assess movement -> body segments / activity
        
        no swimming
        
        no types of activity
        
        complicated data interpretation
      - data collection
        
        raw signal compatible between brands
        
        placement -> waist / wrist / tigh
        
        type of monitor
        
        number of days
      - data extraction
        
        from raw signals to data
        
        epoch setting -> shortest possible
        
        100 Hz -> 100x per sec -> enormous amount of data -> reduction
- - - - 676,000 deaths x year if inactivity removed
      - 337,000 deaths x year if obesity removed
  - - - yes = PA modelled as covariate
      - no = PA modelled in joint association with sedentary or modelled as effect modifier in stratified analyses