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Borrione - Coggle Diagram
Borrione
Neurodegenerative disease & physical activity
Neurodegenerative diseases = NDDs -> loss of neurons & involvement of functional systems
mitochondrial dysfunction, compromised stress responses, synaptic rearrangements and altered protein expression
Dementia = progressive, global deterioration in intellect memory, learning, orientation, language, comprehension and judgment
Alzheimer's disease = most common type of dementia
physiopathology: accomulation of protein beta-amyloid & tau
cognitive/behavioral problems -> interfere with work & everyday activities
PA in dementia
blood vessels
reduction of amyloid burden, improvement and consolidation of neuronal structure, and enhancement of neurotransmitter synthesis
control hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity
40% reduction in dementia risks
brain health
short term effects & encouraging results
Parkinson's disease
slowness
instability
rigidity
gait abnormalities
tremor
fatigue
affected neurons at basal ganglia -> substantia nigra -> dopamine -> postural & motor deficits & functional incapacities
soft speech
pharmacological treatment &
EXERCISE
individual trainings (motor function + cognitive function)
Aerobic exercise, stretching, strength training, Qigong, and balance training improve motor function, and in particular muscle strength, balance, and walking speed
muscle strength, flexibility, postural balance, walking speed, mobility, functional capacity, physical performance, and the PAs of daily life
attentional capacities, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and mood state
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis = ALS -> degeneration of motor neurons
Huntington disease = DS -> degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia & cortical regions -> involuntary movements, psychiatric symptoms & dementia
Prion diseases: Creutzfeld-Jacob -> neurodegeneration with spongiosis & amyloid plaques -> prion protein
Physical activity & diabetes
Diabetes = chronic metabolic disease -> hyperglycemia & insulin resistance & impaired insulin secretion
type 2 = insulin secretory defect & insulin resistance
gestational = 2nd-3rd trimester of pregnancy
type 1 = b-cell destrucion & insulin deficiency
other diabetes = other causes
diagnosis
plasma glucose concentration >200mg/dL 2h after glucose
hyperglycemia & random plasma glucose >200mg/dL
FPG concentration >126mg/dL
A1C level >6,5%
symptoms: extreme urinating, thirsty, hungry, fatigue, blurry vision, cuts/bruises heal slowly, weight los, pain in hands/feet
nutrition therapy
physical activity
RT at least twice/wk
risk of ketosis
at least 150min/wk moderate aerobic PA -> no more than 2 days without
ingestion of CHO before exercise if glucose 100mg/dL
if hypoglycemia = immediately stop
complications
autonomic neuropathy -> cardiac investigation
albuminuria and nephropathy -> increased urinary protein excretion
peripheral neuropathy -> moderate walking + proper footwear
retinopathy -> avoid jumping, high pressure, high intensity
before PA
