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The Great Exhibition: 1851 - Coggle Diagram
The Great Exhibition: 1851
Context
British Empire
Victorian Age
Exporting two-thirds of the world’s new manufactures
Intended to
showcase
the industrial and cultural products of the world
Not travelling in the past to Rome or Greece, but to the innovated present and future
Confirmation of industrial revolutions
Capitalism
Close markets until 1840s, but in 1851 they are experiencing the international trade, oping the doors to capitalism > epic centre of trade
Meaning:
It represents a new approach to injecting design into every aspect of life
Resemblance
: mall, Ikea > objects you don’t need them, but ready there to buy > way to show goods to make people aware of new technologies
Telescope, spinning library, Barometer, Image telegraph, vertical printing machine
Gutenberg invention
4 departments: Raw materials, machinery, manufacturers
Raw materials: everyone can have them to create new technologies
Ideas and objects by Crawford
, All these 3 ideas of
Art and Craft Movements
join in one: creativity can be part of a daily experience of ordinary people at work, not just artists and genius
opposite of
Romanticism
: art for genius
Walking freely, not following a path
1st international, before just local
'Good taste' Competition
Canons
Heskett, John
: The predominant aesthetic ideal of the 19th century embodied a vision of harmony between utility and beauty (
articulated by M.D. Wyatt in ‘’metalwork of 1852’
’)
Decorations associated to social status
Mostly France
Introducing foreing taste:
Exoticism
Visitors: London Map Glove, 1851
triumph of
infrastructures
visitors had to use boats and railways to go to London
Global markets
to make
profit
and enhance trade
showing the idea of a place through objects: Capitalism, Material world,
Material Culture
1st of May opening: day of workers, birth of capitalism, criticised by
Marx
> political meaning
Key figures
Henry Cole
Journal of design
: aware that design help social, economic and politics
campaign to eliminate the gap between the industrialist and the artist or designer, thus stimulating users' taste
aim was to demonstrate the best art and manufacturing union by transforming production
he asked the government to support his campaign to improve standards in industrial design
Joseph Paxton
Eingeneer:
Crystal Palace Building
Hyde Park, London
Technology
New Materials: Iron and glass (natural light and trasparency)
Prefabrication
assembly on-site
only 8 months
demountable, relocate: many social protest because was in the park
First building without a historical antecedent
Sudjic
: At the start of the Gothic Revival that represented the most flamboyant peak of High Victorian architecture which attempted to recreate the thirteenth century in the midst of railways, canals and factories, the Crystal Palace was like a time-travelling spaceship returned from the future
1st in this scale (92km2)
Social experiment: all social classes, both sexes
Archetype
for international exhibitions
Paris, 1889; Chicago, 1893; Dubai, 2020
Grand magasins: Began a new model to sell commodities, every day
From atelier to shops
Hesket John
Industrial design
: Semper (German architect) wrote ‘’Science, Industry, and Art’’ , in which he acknowledge the divorce of industry and art, basing his ideas on the Great Exhibition