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DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO BLACK BOX TESTING TECHNIQUE FOR FINDING ERRORS -…

- - - - 1) One valid and two invalid equivalence classes are defined if an input condition specifies a range.
      - 2) One valid and two invalid equivalence classes are defined if an input condition requires a specific value.
      - 3) One valid and one invalid equivalence class are defined if an input condition specifies a no of a set
      - 4) One valid and one invalid equivalence class are defined if an input condition is Boolean.
  - - - Two forms of fuzzing programs are
        
        1) Mutation based-mutation based fuzzers mutate existing data sample to create test data.
        
        2) Generation based- generation based fuzzers define new test data based on models of input.
        
        Fuzzing can also suggest which part of program should get special attention, in the form of a code audit, application of static analysis, or partial rewrites. Fuzz testing is used to find bugs such as assertion failure and memory leaks. In protocol fuzzing a protocol fuzzer sends forged packets to the tested application, modifying request on the fly and replaying them-two limitations
        
        1) Testing cannot proceed until the specification is relatively mature.
        
        2) Many useful protocols are proprietary.
  - - - 1) States → how the state of the system changes from one state to another
      - 2) Transition →how the state of the system changes from one state to another.
      - 3) Events→input to the system
      - 4) Actions→output for the events