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Collectivisation - Coggle Diagram
Collectivisation
Effects
The Collectivisation programme was opposed by Kulaks. They were liquidated as a class and massive famine was caused by the enforcement of the Collectivisation policy.
In 1931 the enforcement of the Collectivisation programme was by force. Around two thirds of farms had been changed. The third that resisted were forced to.
In areas of fierce resistance to the idea, violence was common. The Kulak’s were driven from the land. Many were sent to Gulags or forced to migrate to Siberia to work in lumber yards.
Massive areas of arable land had been damaged by the Kulaks. The famine that followed in 1932 was catastrophic. In Ukraine, 5 million people died of starvation. Kulak’s who had not already migrated were forced to, or executed. By 1934 some 7 million Kulak’s had been killed.
Mass migration, particularly in 1930/31.
Famines in 1930, 1931 and 1932. Millions died of starvation.
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Transformation to Collectivised farm system: two thirds complete by 1934, virtually all farms by 1939.
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Reasons
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With an aim of transforming agriculture so that it produced a surplus, the concept of Collectivisation was introduced.
As towns grew the increased number of people living their meant that food production needed to become more efficient.
To buy new technologies and chemicals, Stalin needed foreign currency. The USSR could get this from selling grain.
Farming was outdated and inefficient. Even after the reforms of the NEP, it was failing to meet the needs of the Soviet people.
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What was it?
Merging smaller farms into larger farms to increase yield of crops for increased earnings called kolkhozes
The idea here is to have large fields in which crops can be sown, grown and harvested using modern machinery.
Farm workers would live and work together. Fewer workers would be needed and output would be more crops.