Definition
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It may be due to impaired insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral actions of insulin, or both.
Etiology
The response to insulin is diminished, and this is defined as insulin resistance. During this state, insulin is ineffective and is initially countered by an increase in insulin production to maintain glucose homeostasis, but over time, insulin production decreases, resulting in T2DM.
Classification
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Monogenic Diabetes
Secondary Diabetes