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confilct and tension is asia - KOREA - - Coggle…
confilct and tension is asia - KOREA -
PEOPLE
CHINA
communism
mao tse tung
supported north korea which would increase north koreas confidence - china being communist scared USA which increased their determination to stop communism in asia
allies = USSR and north korea
AIM: keen to assist the communists in north korea while stalin was unsure
UN
no ideology
intergovernmental organisation
manipulated to support the capitalist side of the war by USA (and failure of USSR)
allies = helped USA and south korea
AIM: to keep peace in the world and help nations work together and keep friendly relations
USA
capitalist democracy
harry truman
felt countries would be 'threatanded' by communism which would have angered stalin - giving him motivation to attack
allies = SOUTH KOREA
AIM: to help any country under the threat of communism by providing money and military help -
TRUMAN DOCTRINE (1947)
SOUTH KOREA
capitalist democracy
syngman rhee
killed lots of communists which would have angered kim il sung and given him more motivation to attack
allies = USA
AIM:to unite korea under his rule - anit communist
NORTH KOREA
communism
kim il sung
believed he was the rightful ruler of korea - made a pact with stalin to actively launch a major military invation on south korea
allies = USSR
AIM: to unite korea under communist rule
USSR
communism
joseph stalin
funded the spread of communism an dif they hadn't agreed to support invasion of south korea there wouldn't have been one
allies = north korea
AIM:to spread communism in other countries
CAUSES
COLD WAR
the USA and USSR were at odds due to their differing ideologies. the USA was a capitalist democracy and were against communism which was the political view of the USSR
because of this they started the cold war but didnt want and direct conflict with eachother
they avoided direct conflict as both countries had nuclear wepons and they knew that if one side fired so would the other which would wipe out millions of people and destory food sources
nuclear wepon:
USA = 1939 / USSR = 1949
UN
the USSR wanted china to join the UN as an allied communist force however it was vetoed by the USA who didnt see mao as the ruler of china -
1950
in protest the USSR was boycotting UN meetings which left USA free to dominate meetings - this is how they got the UN to help them in the war -
1950
TRUMAN DOCRINE
1947
USA promised to help an country under threat of communism through money and military aid
this lead to the USA's involvment in korea and vietnam
START
in 1950 kim il sung ordered the invasion of south korea - with the help of the USSR who gave them equipment and training the north korean forces managed to corner south korean troops in the south east area of korea - in
4 months
DEVELOPMENTS
the UN forces made up of 18 countries but majorily USA and lead by american
General Mac Arthur
the UN landed in inchon near the 38th parallel - this plus south koreas tactical puch back from pusan allowed the south to regain the land they had lost.
within a four weeks they had pushed the north back to the 38th parallel but Mac Arthur continued to push forward into north korea
this threataned china who waned they would get involved if they pushed forward anymore - this warning was ignoredand by october the UN forces where nearing the border near china
in
october 1950, 200,000 chinese troops joined the war
and launched a successful attack on south korea - the troops where volunteers who were committed to the communism idea and were taught to hate americans + supplied with modern tanks and planes by the USSR
in january 1951, the UN forces were driven out of seoul as china and north korea regained control
a few weeks later the US forces pushed back and they ened up at the 38th parllel once again -
the war was at a stalemate
TRUMAN vs MACARTHUR
truman wanted to end the war as a stalemate as he feared the USSR's involvement and felt the USA's goal had been achieved - the UN agreed with truman
however general Mac Aurthur wanted to attack china directly, he even cnsidered using nuclear wepons
in March 1951, the general ignored direct UN orders and openly threatnaded to attack china
in
April 1951 truman removed MacArthur from his position
and made it clear that the USA's policy was containment not war against already communist countries
PEACE TALKS
JUNE 1951
korean war reached a stalemate in the early months of 1951
however peace talks failed to reach and agreement over the exchange of prisoners
1952
peace talks failed once again but they tried again in 1952
but they still didnt make any progress so fighting continued
NOVEMBER 1952
truman was replaced in office by eisenhower who desperately wanted to end the conflict in korea
MARCH 1953
stalin died and the USSR was left without a successor
this meant the USSR's policy in fture was uncertain which made china and north korea uncertain and less conifent about USSR
JULY 1953
due to this uncertainty a peace agreement was finally signed and agreed in
Panmunjom in July 1953
CONSEQUENCES
SOCIAL
china = 600,000 killed + 716,000 wounded
north korea = 406,000 killed + 1.5 million wounded
south korea = 217,000 killed + 429,000 wounded
USA = 36,000 killed + 103,000 wounded
UN = 3,000 killed + 11,800 wounded
ECONOMIC
in 1951 the USA spent
$48 billion on nuclear wepons
which increased to
$60 billion by 1952
- by 1952 they had
750 nuclear wepons
(650 more than in 1948)
the USA gave france
$3 billion to help fight communism
in vietnam
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
the UN proved how powerful and effective it was unlike its predessesor the national liegon
the USSR and china formed a close relationship which helped chinas status grow especially in asia - china also secured a buffer state through korea
cold war became a world wide conflict
failed to resolve tensions between USSR and USA
USA cut off dealings with china
made china a military power on an international level
USA army increased to
3.5 million soldiers
and by 1960 25% of millitary was stationed abroad
WW2 / CONTEXT
in 1910 japan conquered korea so it could build its empire - many cultural practices were banned and
400,000 people died
syngman rhee elected in the south while kim il sung was elected in the north - in 1950 capitalist leader of the south put 30,000 people to death beacuse of suspected communism
USA formally withdrew in 1949 and so did the USSR in 1948
USA decided to allow the south to have an independent election over seen by UN however USA manipulated it so that a capitalist government was elected - a similar thing happened in the north
5 years of political unrest between 194
korea wanted to be independent after war but was rejected by usa who decided to split korea between the USA and USSR along the
38th parallel
during WW2 japan fought with germany - only stopped after 2 atomic bombs were dropped