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Civics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The presumption of innocence imposes on the prosecution the burden of proving the charge and guarantees that no guilt can be presumed until the charge has been proved beyond reasonable doubt.
  - - - A false confession is a claim that someone was responsible for a crime they did not commit, and these may be particularly problematic as throughout criminal justice a confession is seen as common, potent, and persuasive
    - - The process by which media coverage affects a person's reputation by creating a widespread perception of guilt or innocence, often before, or after, a verdict in a court of law.
    - - the amount of time between the commencement and the conclusion of court proceedings which exceeds the time necessarily spent in the preparation of a case for trial, the conduct of its hearing and the determination of its final outcome.
    - - the abuse of entrusted power for private gain
- - - - Major State responsibilities include schools, hospitals, conservation and environment, roads, railways and public transport, public works, agriculture and fishing, industrial relations, community services, sport and recreation, consumer affairs, police, prisons and emergency services.
    - - The Australian government, also known as the Commonwealth government, is the national government of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
    - - Local government is the third level of government in Australia, administered with limited autonomy under the states and territory, and in turn beneath the federal government
- - - - legislation, the preparing and enacting of laws by local, state, or national legislatures.
    - - Common law is made by judges in a court , using precedent – decisions made in previous similar cases – to decide how they will judge a case before them. If no past cases with similar circumstances exist, a new decision is made, which would then become a precedent for a future similar case.
    - - Statutory authority refers to the powers and duties assigned to a government official or agency through a law passed by Congress or a state legislature.