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Attachment Theories - Coggle Diagram
Attachment Theories
Bowbly
Monotropy - Bowlby believed that a child had a single innate attachment and that it took priority over all others.
Bowlby believed that the primary attachment figure was important in helping build what he called an internal working model. He stated that this model was the blueprint used to form all future attachments.
Bowlby believed in maternal deprivation (a child being raised without a parent). He believed that maternal deprivation will cause a baby to struggle a lot later in life as they will not have developed a internal working model. Furthermore it is believed that babies with maternal deprivation do not develop as fast
Strengths of his theory
Ainsworth (1967) observed the Ganda tribe of Uganda. Infants form one primary attachment even when reared by multiple carers.
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A piece of research done by Fox into Israeli communal farms shows that despite only spending three hours a day with their biological parents they still form a monotropic bond with them. This supports Bowlby's theory as he states that the attachment is innate
Weaknesses of his theory
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Van Ijzendoorn and Tavecchio argue that a stable network of adults can provide adequate or better care than a mother who has to meet all a child’s needs.
Ainsworth
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The strange situation - The strange situation was a psychological experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth (1970)
Donald Winnicott
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Strengths of the theory
It has good real life application. This theory is helpful in everyday life. Being able to calm your child during transitions or distressing times is always useful. Parents can use this ti help keep their child calm during transitions.
Transition objects
Winnicott speaks on how transitional objects such as plushies and other such 'comfort' items can help children deal with various transitions throughout life, such as moving to nursery, or moving house, being away from a parent or meeting new people.
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Schaffer and Emmerson
Schaffer and Emmerson discovered that babies are more likely to form attachments with carers who are responsive and sensitive, rather than those with whom they spend the most time
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Rutter
Privation vs deprivation
The difference mostly boils down to the severity of each. Whereas in deprivation they are apart for long periods meaning they form poor attachments, in privation they are completely apart from their attachment figure and therefore do not form any attachment. This is much more damaging as it is shown through Rutter's own Romanian Orphans study, that people who do not form any attachment struggle to form attachments late in life due to having no basis on which to create them.
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