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SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM, zaragoza, peninsular war, jose i,…
SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ I BONAPARTE
Carlos IV
in 1788 started his reign
Louis XVI
imprisoned and put on trial
Carlos IV’s cousin
sent trope to help Louis
little success
Godoy
allied with Napoleon
Family Compacts of the 18th century
join his fleet
to implement the Continental Blockade
on Great Britain
defeated by the British
naval Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
Treaty of Fontainebleau 1807
allowing French troops to cross Spain
wanted to occupy Portugal
ally of England
prime minister
Fernando
heir to the throne
Godoy's enemy
did not agree with his policy
Revolt of Aranjuez (1808)
against Carlos IV
he ended abdication
in favor of his son
Godoy
forced to resign
almost lost his life
Napoleon
not only wanted to
cross Spain
occupy Portugal
also
occupy Spain
occupation of Spain
early 1808
summoned the Spanish royal family to Bayonne
put Jose I as King
his brother
tried to persuade Fernando
to return the crown to his father
gave it to Napoleon
José I
without support of the Spanish
2 May 1808
people rebelled against the French troops
THE PENINSULAR WAR
uprising spread to the rest of Spain
Juntas de defensa
different kingdoms and provinces
organise the Peninsular War
Junta Central
took over the government
ally with Great Britain
their traditional enemy
sent troops to the peninsula
French army was very powerful
after confrontations
precarious situation
some sieges
most dramatic events
Zaragoza
Girona
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Spanish first defeats
led to organise in guerrillas
armed groups
surprise attacks against the French
impeded their movement
good military techinique
Defeated in 1814
after six years of violence
French army withdrew from Spain
FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
1812
elections
Junta Central met in Sevilla
for the representatives of the first Parliament
Cortes Generales
wrote a constitution
meet in Cádiz
only place not under French control
19 March
approved the constitution
influenced by liberal ideas
Constitution of 1812
traditional elements
monarchy
only catholic religion was permitted
liberals ideas
Sovereignty was in the hands of the nation
fundamental laws
established by the nation
Separation of powers
Legislative power
the parliament
drafted laws with the king
executive power
the king
judicial power
courts established by law
universal manhood suffrage
"La Pepa"
Saint Joseph’s Day
Cortes of Cádiz
laws to modernise Spain
established
abolition of lordships
suppression of the Inquisition
recognition of freedom
expression
press
1814
Fernando VII returned to Spain
Carlos IV was dead
symbol of nation's freedom
still support absolutism
suppress the Constitution of 1812
persecuted the liberals
the amry support him
