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Cancer - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Total thyroidectomy
      - Thyroid Lobectomy
      - Subtotal thyroidectomy
        
        Based on characteristics such as size
        
        Complications
        
        Seroma
        
        Hematoma
        
        Dysphagia
        
        Hoarseness
        
        Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Damage
        
        Thoracic Duct Damage
        
        Chyle fistula
  - - - Iodine-131
        
        Concentrates in the thyroid gland
        
        Emits radiation through beta decay and therefore destroys the thyroid gland
  - - - Neoadjuvant
      - Adjuvant
      - Maintenance
      - Palliative
    - - Cell cycle-specific drugs
      - Cell cycle non-specific drugs
    - - Akylating agents & related compounds
      - Cytotoxic antibiotics
      - Hormone antagonists
      - Antimetabolites
      - Microtubule binding agents
      - Topoisomerase Inhibitors
      - Miscellaneous drugs
        
        Immunotherapies
        
        Monoclonal antibodies
        
        Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
        
        Angiogenesis inhibitors
- - - - size
      - shape
      - Margins
      - Vascularity
      - Presence or absence of Calcification
      - Echogenicity
  - - - Determines the nature, type, and metastasis of the lump
    - - results can be inconclusive
      - bleeding is the most common complication
      - Infection for the needle procedure
      - Spreading of cancer is very rare due to the thin needle
    - - Hygine and sterilization
      - Needle is inserted to attain few cells from different regions of the tumor
      - Patient can leave without and significant problems
      - Sample is prepared and placed on microscopic slides then stained and observed under a microscope
  - - - Tumor markers may not increase until cancer gets really bad
      - unconclusive
      - Tumor markers can change overtime
    - - Check the progress of treatment
      - Predict the chance of recovery
      - Guide treatment decison
      - predict or watch recurrence
      - Learn if patient has cancer
  - - - Strong family history
      - Family is known to have cancer running in gentics
      - Person already diagnosed with cancer
    - - DNA microarray
      - Western blotting
      - DNA sequencing
      - PCR
- - - - thyroid nodule
        
        firm
        
        painless
        
        larger than 2 cm
- - - - lowering the exposure to risk factors
  - - - screening programs
  - - - individuals who have already been diagnosed with cancer but are now candidates for screening and early detection of secondary malignancies
- - - - 2- equal apportionment to daughter cells
      - 1-Dna replication accompanied by cellular organelles synthesis
    - - Interphase
        
        Mitosis
        
        G1-S-G2
  - - - G2/S checkpoint
      - G1/S checkpoint
- - - - 1- Cancer cells enter blood and lymphatic vessels. 2- immune system attacks 3-moves to secondary site and invade it
    - - 1-squeeze between epithelial cells
        2-Degrades the extracellular matrix
    - - Stimulation of the vessel formation in the new area
- - - - colon cancer
    - - BRCA mutations
  - - - p53
    - - RAS