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Emily Flores P.2 - Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Emily Flores P.2 - Muscular System
Major functions of the muscular system
stabalize the joints
maintain posture
generate hear
it can be voluntaryly controlled byskeletal muscles
involuntary control by sooth muscles
3 types of muscles & their functions
Smooth Muscle:Movement of viscera, peristalsis, vasoconstriction.
Cardiac Muscle:Pumping action of the heart
Skeletal Muscles: Movement of bones at joints, maintenance of posture.
Names of all the skeletal muscles (including the facial muscles)
Extensor Digitorum longus (lateral part of the front leg)
Rectus Femoris (Middle of the thigh)
Palmaris Longus (Forearm)
Brachioradialis (Part infront of the elbow forearm area)
Sternocleidomastoid (neck)
Trapezius (Neck, Shoulder, Back area)
Deltoid (Shoulder)
Biceps Brachi (Bicep)
Flexor Carpi Radialis (Next to Deltoid)
Pectineus (Inner thigh area)
Gracills (thigh, closer to other leg)
Fibularis longus (leg)
Pectoralls major (chest)
Serratus anterior (scapula (side rib area))
Rectus abdominis (abs)
Extenal Oblique (side abdomen)
Liopsoas (abdomen/thigh)
Sartorius (thigh)
Liopsoes (inner thigh)
Vastus Lateralis (inner lower thigh)
Gastrocemius (calf muscle)
Tibialis anterior (tibia)
Sternacieidomastoid (neck)
Deltoid (Shoulder)
Rhomboid Major (near scapula area like chest )
Triceps brachii (tricep)
Extensor carpi radialis longus ( Arm near wrist)
Extensor digitorum ( forearm)
Biceps fomoris ( back thigh)
Gastrocnemius (calf)
Soleus (lower leg)
Trapezius ( spine/ scapula)
Intraspinetus (back near shoulder)
Teres Major ( back next to upper arm)
Latissimus dorsal (back/torso)
Gluteus maximus (butt)
Semitendinosus (thigh area)
semimembranosus (thigh area)
Fibularis longus (leg area)
Face
Temporalis (side of the head)
Zygomaticus (cheek bone)
Buccinator (jaw area)
Orbicularisoris (lower lip upper lip)
Frontalis (forehead)
Orbiculariso culi (around eye)
Masseter (cheek near ear)
Sternocleidomastoid (neck)
Sarcomere
:
is polarized, meaning a voltage exists across membrane
In the sacrcomere the mitochondria causes contraction with the energy it holds.
The sacroplasmic reticulum are tubes that run parallel to the myofilament.
Myofilaments are structures
Every part of the muscle fiber is surrounding by the sarcloemma.
he sarcolemma wraps the fibers of skeletal muscles.
A sarcomere is basically a structural unit of myofibrili in striated muscle
Neuromuscular junction
.
AP arrives at axon terminal
Voltage-gated calcium channels open, calcium enters motor neuron
Calcium entry causes release of ACh neurotransmitter into synpatic cleft
ACh diffuses across to ACh receptors (𝑁𝑎+ chemical gates) on sarcolemma
ACh binding to receptors, opens gates, allowing 𝑁𝑎+ to enter resulting in end plate
potential
Acetylcholinesterase degrades ACh
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
in relaxed state thin and thick filaments overlap only slightly at ends of A band
sliding filament model of contraction states that during contraction, thin filaments slide past thick filaments, causing actin and myosin to overlap more
contraction ends when cross bridges become inactive
Contraction: the activation of cross bridges to generate force
shortening occurs when tension generated by cross bridges on thin filaments exceeds forces opposing shortening
cross bridge attachments form and break several times, each time pulling thin filaments a little closer toward center of sarcome in a ratcheting action
nervous system stimulates muscle fiber, myosin heads are allowed to bind to actin, forming cross bridges, which cause sliding (contraction) process to begin
Action potential in a muscle fiber
Neurons and muscles cells are excitable cells capable of action potentials
Decision to move is activated by brain, signal is transmitted down spinal cord to motor
neurons which then activate muscle fiber
Ap crosses from neuron to muscle cell via neurotransmitter acetylcholine
triggers a sequence of actions that ultimate results in contraction and relaxation of the muscle fiber
Disorders associated with the Muscular system
Fibromyalgia :
physical trauma, abdominal pain responses
muscle pain, tender points
Myasthenia Gravis
autoimmune, possible tumor(thymus), age and women
muscle weakness double vision, facial paralysis
neuromusclar disorders that block neurotransmitter
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
disease progresses from extremities upward, finally affecting head, chest muscles, and
cardiac muscle
most common and serious
Inherited as a sex -linked recessive diseases
Rigor mortis
muscles stay contracted until muscle protien break down , cauing myosin to realses
calcium levels increased because of ATP
3-4 hr after death , muscles stiffen
Cerebral Palsy
mild to severe ,seizures and muscle tightness
brain injury or abnormality, premature birth and brain infections
spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Myositis
autoimmune, infection, muscle trauma
fatigue, muscle weakness, and difficulty breathing
inflammation of the skeletal muscle cause by an infection
Muscle coverings (connective tissue coverings)
Epimysium
: Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle : may bled with fascia
Perimysium
-fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles
Endomysium
- fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber