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Module 2
Intro To Operating Systems
Key Terms
Microsoft Windows Apple macOS Linux
Role
Function
Life Cycle
Stability
Compatibility
Cost
Microsoft has annual license fees Apple does not charge annual fees but only works on Apple hardware There are multiple Linux providers who offer enterprise support and although the software is free, support is not
Life Cyle
Red Hat
Focuses on server applications like web and file serving Releases Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), stable distro with long release cycles. Sponsors the Fedora Project, a personal desktop with latest software Scientific Linux is a specific use distro based on Red Hat
SUSE
One of the first Distros Originally derived from Slackware Contains proprietary code and is sold as a server product. Some modules or addons may contain proprietary code. Sold as a server product although a workstation version exists. OpenSUSE is a completely open, free version with multiple desktop packages.
Debian
Community effort promotes use of open-source software Invented its own package management system (apt) based on the .deb file format
.deb
Android
Other Distros
Raspbian
Linux From Scratch (LFS)
Module 03
Working in Linux
Server Applications: The purpose of this software is to serve information to other computers, called clients. Desktop Applications: Web browsers, text editors, music players, or other applications with which users interact directly. Tools: A loose category of software that exists to make it easier to manage computer systems
A web server hosts content for web pages, which are viewed by a web browser using the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or its encrypted flavor, HTTPS.
The ownCloud project provides software to store, sync and share data from private cloud servers. The Nextcloud project also provides private cloud software
The Mozilla Foundation came out with Thunderbird, a full featured desktop email client that connects to a POP or IMAP server Other notable email clients are Evolution and KMail which are the GNOME and KDE project's email clients.
For the creative types, there is Blender, GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program), and Audacity which handles 3D movie creation, 2D image manipulation, and audio editing respectively
LibreOffice is a fork of the OpenOffice app suite
The Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome browsers are open-source web browsers that are fast, feature rich, and have excellent support for web developers
Users interact with a Linux system through a shell, which accepts commands to execute Linux offers a variety of shells to choose from. Bourne shell, C shell, Bourne Again (Bash) shell, tcsh, Korn shell (Ksh), and the zsh
Bourne shell, C shell, Bourne Again (Bash) shell, tcsh, Korn shell (Ksh), and the zsh
Most Linux systems provide a choice of text editors which are commonly used at the console to edit config files The two main editors are Vi (or more modern Vim) and Emacs Pico and Nano are available on most systems and provide very basi, yet user friendly text editing
Browse to the Terminal application from the applications menu A virtual terminal can be run at the same time as a GUI but may require log in via the virtual terminal before they can execute commands
the Debian distro and its derivatives such as Ubuntu and Mint, use the Debian package management system. Debian package management has software packages that are distributed as files ending in the .deb extension Tools for managing these files Including dpkg, apt-get, aptitude, Synaptic and Software Center
dpkg
apt-get
aptitude
.rpm
An interpreted language translates the written code into computer code as the programs runs. A compiled language is translated all at once
uses hypothetical CPU called the Java VM (JVM) and then compiles all the code to that.
an interpreted language originally developed for text manipulation but gained favor with sys admins and is used in everything from automation to building web app.
Module 04
Open Source Software and Licensing
Also GPLv2, GPLv3, LGPLv2, LGPLv3
a term used to refer to the open-source community, which consists of Free Software and Open Source as a collective (A catch-all term)
uses the term libre to define the difference between free from restrictions (Libre) and free from cost (Free).
Ownership - Who owns the intellectual property Money Transfer - Does it cost anything? How do you pay? Licensing - What do you get? What can you do with the software? How many computers? Can you share it?
A legal document you must accept before installing software
a license that states the source code must be made available to anyone and that anyone can make changes. Changes must be under the same licenses
Changes must be under the same licenses
software where anyone can view the source code, modify it, and redistribute it.
Module 01
Introduction to Linux
you get the right to use the executable program or machine code, but cannot see the source code.
In a GUI, applications present themselves in windows that can be resized and moved around. There are menus and tools to help users navigate.
The CLI relies primarily on keyboard input.
GNU is the free software that provides open-source equivalents of many common UNIX commands. The Linux part of this combination is the Linux kernel, which is the core of the operating system.
Module 5