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Muscular Concept Map Jazmine Rosales Period 3 -…
Muscular Concept Map Jazmine Rosales Period 3
3 types of muscles & their functions
Smooth Muscle; elongated with tapered ends, lack striations and relatively undeveloped sarcoplasmic reticulum
Cardiac Muscle; found in heart (involuntary) intercalated discs join cells
Skeletal Muscle; Orgin- less movable Insertion; more movable biceps branchii in arm
Major functions of the muscular system
Skeletal muscle – the specialised tissue that is attached to bones and allows movement.
Smooth muscle – located in various internal structures including the digestive tract, uterus and blood vessels such as arteries.
Cardiac muscle – the muscle specific to the heart.
Flexion; decrease in angle between bone and joint
Extension; increase in angle between bones at joint Agonist; prime mover Synergists; muscles that assist prime mover
Names of all the skeletal muscles
Bicep brachii/ Brachialis/ Brachioradialis/ Deltoid/ External obliques/ Flexor carpi radialis/ Flexor carpi ulnaris/ Frontalis/ Iliopsoas/ Masseter/ Orbicularis oris/ Orbicularis oculi/ Palmaris longus/ Pectinus/ Pectoralis major/Pronator teres/ Rectus abdominis/ Serratus anterior/ Sternocleidomastoid/ Sternohyoid/ Temporalis
Tensor fasciae latae/ Trapezius/ Tricep brachii/ Zygomaticus/ Anterior/Inferior View/ Adductor longus/ Fibularis longus/ Extensor digitorum longus/ Gastrocnemius/ Gracilis/ Iliotibial tract/ Rectus femoris/ Sartorius/ Soleus/Tibialis anterior/ Vastus lateralis/ Vastus medialis/ Posterior/Superior View/ Brachioradialis/Deltoid/ Extensor carpi radialis/ Extensor carpi ulnaris/ Flexor carpi ulnaris/ Gluteus maximus/ Gluteus medius/ Infraspinatus/Latissimus dorsi/Occipitalis/Rhomboid major/Sternocleidomastoid/Teres major/Gracilis/Soleus/ Fibularis longus/Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus/Calcaneal/tendon
Sarcomere
-pulling of the muscle against its
attachments
Myosin(thick)Actin (thin)
-shortening of a muscle fiber can increase in the
overlap between actin and myosin filaments,
Neuromuscular junction
motor end plate; specialied region in the sarcolemma is tightly folded
Synaptic cleft; gap between the membranes of the neuron and muscle fibers
Transverse tubles- invaginations of the sarcolemma
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
when the myosin and actin filaments overlap
I bands(light) actin filaments (anchored to z lines
A bands(dark) overlapping thin/thick filaments
Acetylcholine- neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle fiber contraction
Action potential in a muscle fiber
1.An impulse travels down a motor neuron axon.
2.The motor neuron releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh).
3.ACh binds to ACh receptors in the muscle fiber membrane.
4.The sarcolemma is stimulated. An Implulse travels over the surface of the muscle fiber anddeep into the fiber through the transverse tubules.
5.The impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and calcium channels open.
6.Calcium ions diffuse from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol
7.Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific sites on actin where myosin heads can bind.
8.Cross bridges form, linking thin and thick filaments.
Thin filaments are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere by pulling of the cross bridges.
The muscle fiber exerts a pulling force on its attachments as a contraction occurs.
Muscle coverings
Epimysium- the layer of connective tissue around each skeletal muscle
Perimysium- extends inward from the epimysium; it surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers, called
fascicles,within each muscle
Endomysium- covers each muscle cell(fiber)
Fascia- surround and separate each muscle
This connective tissue extends beyond the ends of the muscle,
and gives rise to tendons that are fused to the periosteum of bones
-sheets of connective tissue called
aponeuroses
Disorders of Muscular System
Muscular Dystrophy; muscle weakness and atrophy
Fibromyalgia; muscle pain
Myasthenia Gravis; Neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
Cerebral Palsy; Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Myositis; Inflammation of muscle