Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
synapses - Coggle Diagram
synapses
hormones
secretion by glands/other cells
transported to organs
endocrine glands produce
long lasting changes
brain areas
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary gland
glandular tissue
posterior pituitary gland
neural tissue
secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones
pituitary gland
proteins and peptides
chains of amino acids
attaches to membrane receptors
properties
inhibitory synapses
reflexes
interneuron in spinal chord sends messages to muscles
inhibitory to others not reflexing
inhibitory postsynaptic potential ISPS
temporary hyperpolarisation of membrane
synaptic input opens
positively charged potassium ions leave
negatively charged chlorine ions enter
supresses excitation
firing rate
production of action potential without synaptic input
increased by ESPS
ISPS decrease action potentials
excitatory postsynaptic potential
presynaptic neuron
delivers synaptic transmission
postsynaptic neuron
receives message
potential decay over time and space
basis effect of temporal andspatial summation
electrical
faster than chemical
gap junction
direct contact of membrane between neurons
depolarisation in both cells
properties
neurons communicate by transmitting chemicals across junctions
specialised gap between neurons
Sherrington 1906
weak stimuli at times/locations produce stronger reflex
one muscle set excited and the other is relaxed
reflexes slower than conduction
temporal summation
repeated stimuli produce stronger response
produce nerve impulse to weak stimuli
spatial summation
critical brain function
incoming axon produce response
several locations combine neuron effects
several small stimuli produced effects
numerous locations can trigger nerve impulse
occur together
vary in duration effects
on/off responses
speed of conduction
measured from action potentials
account for difference in communication of neurons
validated synapse
chemical transmission
communication across synapse is chemical
throughout nervous system
stimulating nerves released other inhibition/excitatory
neurotransmitters
chemical allowing communication
storage
vesicles
spherical packets
presynaptic terminal
MAO
breaks down excess levels
dopamine
norepinephrine
serotonin
exxocytosis
release from presynaptic into cleft
triggered by action potential
type
amino acid
GABA, glutamate
purines
gases
neurons synthesise neurotransmitters and chemicals
acetylcholine
synthesised from choline in diet
trytophan
percursor for serotonin
catecholamines
norepinephrine
dopamine
epinephrine
postsynaptic cell
effect of neurotransmitter is dependant
neurotransmitter attaches to receptor
opening channel
iontropic effect
channels immediately open
rely on glutamate or GABA
metabotropic effect
neurotransmitters attach to receptor
bends receptor protein
allows protein inside to react
slower sequence
use many neurotransmitters
30ms or more after release
taste/smell/pain
negative feedback
autoreceptors
detect amount of transmitter
inhibit further synthesis and release
postsynaptic neurons
respond to stimulation
releasing chemicals
travel to presynaptic terminal
inhibit further release
sequence
neuron synthesises chemical/neurotransmitters
action potential down axon
release molecules across cleft
attach to receptors
alter activity of postsynaptic neuron
seperate from receptors
neurotransmitters may be taken back
presynaptic neuron
neurons release at least 2 neurotransmitters