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Food - Coggle Diagram
Food
Carbohydrates
Examples: Glucose, Starch and Cellulose
Glucose: Monosaccharide (1 sugar unit)
Disaccharide (2 sugar units) e.g. Lactose, Sucrose and Fructose
Starch: Polysaccharide
Storage form of sugars in plants
Found in: bread, pasta and potatoes
Cellulose: Forms plant cell walls and is a structural carbohydrate.
Found in: vegetables, wholemeal bread and bran
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Lipids
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
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Basic unit: Triglyceride
- Made up of three fatty acids joined to one glycerol molecule
Functions of lipids
- used as a long-term energy store in the body
- provide protection to certain organs
- insulate the body and prevent heat loss
Proteins
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen. A protein is a long chain of molecules called amino acids.
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Structural: Keratin in hair and skin, and myosin in muscles.
Enzymes: globular (folded) proteins that control the rate of reactions in cells.
Hormones: folded proteins that regulate metabolism in the body.
Globular proteins: Folded into 3-dimensional shapes e.g. enzyme proteins
Fibrous proteins: Are not folded and form long straight chains e.g. muscle protein
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Vitamins
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Vitamin C sources: citrus in fruits e.g. lemons and oranges
- needed to form connective tissue
- Deficiency: Scurvey- Bleeding from the gums
Vitamin D sources: fish liver oil, butter, margarine, egg yolk and dairy products
- Deficiency: Rickets- Bones are soft and have swollen ends and Osteomalacia- bones lose calcium and become weak, painful and liable to fracture easily.
Water and minerals
Minerals
In plants
Calcium- Used to form the middle lamella that cements plant cells
Magnesium- Is essential in forming the green pigment, chlorophyll
In animals
- Calcium-forms strong bones and teeth
- Iron- is used to form haemoglobin
Water
- Water is essential for life
- Water is an excellent solvent
- Water participates in chemical reactions