SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ I BONAPARTE
THE PENINSULAR WAR
FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
Carlos IV regin
began in 1788 (before French Revolution)
Louis XVI was Carlos's cousin
Spain sent trops to help him
by fighting the National Convention
didn't success
1799 Napoleon came to power
Spains prime minister
Godoy
restore the alliances with France
Spanish fleet joined the French to help them with the Continental Blockade
to Great Britain
defeated in the Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
signed with Napoleon Treaty of Fontainebleau
French trops could cross Spain to conquer Portugal
Fernando (heir to the throne)
was Godoys enemy
didn't agree
Revolt of Aranjuez (1808)
againts his father so he abdicated
Fernando became King
Napoleons plan
conquer Spain
the process began in (1808)
he summoned the Spanish monarchs to Bayona
obligated Fernando VII to give the crown to his father
Carlos IV the gave it to Napoleon
Napoleon named Jose I (his brother)
king of Spain
Spanish people didn't like it
On 2 May 1808 people rebelled againts French troops in Madrid
the uprising spread to all the country
Juntas de defensa were formed
organise the Peninsular War againts France
Junta Central
governed
French army had been invincible in Europe
Junta Central ally with Great Britain
sent trops to the Peninsula
result: precarious domination of France over the peninsula
most dramatic events in
Zaragoza
Girona
Gasteiz
Formation of guerrillas
after the defeat of the Spanish troops
made surprise attacts to the French army
key to defeat France
1808-1814
1814
after 6 years of extreme violence France was defeated
1812
in the middle of the war
Junta Central met in Sevilla
elections for representatives for Cortes Generales
for the Parliament
wrote a Constitution
Cadiz (was not under French controll)
19 March 1812
elected deputies
met and influenced by liberal ideas did the first Constitution of Spain
Catholic religion the only permited
liberal principles (end of the Old Regime)
Constitution of 1812 "La Pepa"
Popular sovereignty
Separation of powers
legislative Parliament
executive King
judicial Courts
Universal manhood suffrage
Cortes de Cadiz
aproved laws to modernise Spain
abolition of lordship
end of Inquisition
freedome of press+expression
1814
Fernando VII returned to Spain
he was seen as the nation's restored freedome
suppress the Constitution 1812
persecuted the liberals and exile them
warm wellcome
