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07 SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM - Coggle Diagram
07 SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ I BONAPARTE
Carlos IV’s reign began in 1788
When Napoleon came to power (1799)
Spain’s new prime minister, Godoy
policy of alliances with France
Family Compacts of the 18th century
Spanish and French fleet
implemented Continental Blockade on Great Britain
British defeated them at the Batlle Trafalgar 1805
Napoleon and Godoy signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau
so the French could cross Spain to invade Portugal
The French betrayed Spain
his troops occupied Spain in early 1808
they made the Spanish royal family to exile to Bayonne
Napoleon appointed his brother José as monarch of Spain
he didn't have the support of Spanish people
On 2 May 1808
the people of Madrid rebelled against the French troops
Fernando (heir to the throne)
personal enemy of Godoy and his policy
led an uprising against his own father so he adbicated
Revolt of Aranjuez (1808)
Godoy almost lost his life and was forced to resign
Carlos IV had to abdicate in favour of his son
Manuel Godoy
soldier in the Royal Guard (Guardia Real)
In 1792
appointed prime minister and awarded several noble titles
his domestic policy
Enlightenment reforms
process of the expropriation and public sale of Church property
foreign policy was less successful
his alliance with Napoleon
defeat at Trafalgar
the Peninsular War
THE PENINSULAR WAR
Started in Madrid
Juntas de defensa
formed in different kingdoms and provinces
to organise the war
Junta Central
took over the government
allied with Great Britain
to defeat the invincible France
sent troops to the Peninsula
Most dramatic event in the sieges of
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Zaragoza
Girona
The Spanish army’s first defeats
led to people forming guerrillas
armed groups that made surprise attacks on the French army
key role in the victory over the French by lengthening the conflict
In 1814
French army withdrew from Spain
FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
In 1812
Junta Central met in Sevilla
They hold elections to bring together the people’s representatives
at Cortes Generales
to write a constitution
On 19 March
the elected deputies (influenced by liberal ideas)
met in Cádiz
approved the Constitution
The first in the history of Spain
Only place under no French army
Cadiz
Constitution of 1812
monarchy and the Catholic religion
the official and only permitted religion
liberal ideas were confirmed
Sovereignty was in the hands of the nation
established the fundamental laws
Separation of powers
Legislative power
the Parliament and the King
executive power
the king
judicial power
courts established by law
The Cortes de Cádiz
abolition of lordships
the suppression of the Inquisition
recognition of freedom of
freedom
the press
Known as La Pepa
enacted on 19 March, Saint Joseph’s Day
Fernando VII returned to Spain in 1814
he was seen as a symbol of the nation’s restored freedom
was still a supporter of absolutism
he suppressed the Constitution of 1812
The army supported him
iberals were persecuted and exiled
