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07 SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
07 SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
1 FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ I BONAPARTE
Carlos IV’s reign began in 1788, one year before the start of the French Revolution
Luis XVI, Carlos IV’s cousin, was imprisoned and put on trial
Spain therefore sent troops to help him fight the National Convention
Spain’s new prime minister, Godoy, returned to the policy of alliances with France(1799
The Spanish fleet therefore joined forces with the French fleet
Godoy and Napoleon signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau, allowing French troops to cross Spain
Fernando led an uprising, the Revolt of Aranjuez, against his own father
Carlos IV had to abdicate in favour of his son
The French occupation began in early 1808
Napoleon also summoned the Spanish royal family to Bayonne
José I did not have the support of the Spanish people
On 2 May 1808, the people of Madrid rebelled against the French troops occupying the capital
2 THE PENINSULAR WAR
The Juntas de defensa organised the Peninsular War against France
The French army had been invincible in Europe until then
The Junta Central was therefore forced to ally with Great Britain
Great Britain sent troops to the Peninsula
Confrontations followed, resulting in the precarious French dominance of the territory
The Spanish army’s first defeats led to the people forming guerrillas
Made surprise attacks on the French army
In 1814, after six years the French army withdrew from Spain
3 FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
In 1812 the Junta Central met in Sevilla and decided to hold elections
The only place not under French control was the city of Cádiz
On 19 March 1812, the elected deputies, influenced by liberal ideas, met in Cádiz
They approved the Constitution
Two traditional elements were maintained in the Constitution of 1812
The liberal principles behind the end of the Old Regime were also confirmed
The monarchy and the Catholic religion as the official and only permitted religion
Fernando VII returned to Spain in 1814
The war was over and his father was dead
He received a warm welcome
The army supported him and the liberals were persecuted and exiled
CONSTITUTION OF 1812
Sovereignty was in the hands of the nation
The nation therefore established the fundamental laws
Separation of powers
Legislative power consisted of a single chamber, the Parliament
The executive power consisted of the king himself
The judicial power consisted of the courts established by law
Universal manhood suffrage
