Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
04 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY, image, image,…
04 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
DIFFICULT TIMES FOR THE MONARCHY
France was a model of absolute monarchy
population had begun to criticise the situation
factors that triggered revolution:
The liberal ideas of the Enlightenment
The example of the United States
Inequality before the law
Economic crisis
Political unrest
Social inequalities
PHASES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
THE ESTATES-GENERAL
began when King Louis XVI assembled a consultative Parliament, the Estates-General
was typical of the Old Regime, where representation was based on class
proposed that the rich pay taxes
third estate wanted one vote per attendee
nobility and clergy rejected this
third estate delegates then formed the National Assembly
NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
social situation got worse
nobles’ homes were raided
Parisians rose up and attacked the Bastille prison
held political prisoners of the absolute monarchy
soldiers defending the prison opened the doors
the Assembly drew up the Constitution of 1791
established the division of powers, with the king holding the executive power
incorporated the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Louis XVI seemed to accept the situation
contacted other absolute monarchies to conspire against the new regime
he was discovered and detained
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
Constituent Assembly was dissolved and elections were held following censitary suffrage
results determined the formation of the Legislative Assembly
three new political tendencies appeared
The Girondins
moderates, federalists and supporters of the parliamentary monarchy
The Jacobins
adical liberals, centralists and supporters of the Republic
The Plain
deputies who did not belong to any party
called elections by universal manhood suffrage
NATIONAL CONVENTION
After the elections, the Assembly assumed legislative and executive powers, becoming a National Convention
Republic was proclaimed
Queen Marie Antoinette
married Louis XVI
emperor of Austria’s sister
French people accused her of defending Austrian interests and spending money on whims
was convicted and executed by guillotine
period known as ‘the Terror’ began
Robespierre, leader of the Jacobins, led the Public Health Committee which was responsible for defending the revolution
ordered the execution of anti-revolutionaries and anyone suspected of being an anti-revolutionary
excesses and constant instability led a moderate sector of the deputies to carry out a coup d’état
seized power and sentenced Robespierre to death
started what was called the ‘White Terror’ against the Jacobins
THE DIRECTORY
new Constitution was approved
less open in rights and freedoms
Internal instability and the lack of a definitive victory abroad led to a new coup d’état
THE CONSULATE
most prestigious French general, Napoleon Bonaparte, led a coup d’état
seized power and drew up another constitution
new constitutional text established a Congress and a Senate with very few powers, whereas the Consulate, which was the government, had executive and legislative powers
Napoleon could therefore rule in an authoritarian way
