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What were the causes and immediate outcomes of the 1789 revulution? -…
What were the causes and immediate outcomes of the 1789 revulution?
France economical problems
political problems
: absolute monarchy
social inequality
: only the third estate paid taxes, positions of power went to the first and second estates
economical problems:
after war support in American revolution war
rural poverty and hunger
: bad harvests and underdevoloped agriculture
Pressures for change
Enlightenment thinkers:
Rosseau, Diderot, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Quesnay
Enlightenment Ideas:
equality, free trade, criticise despotism and autocratic power, the church and the french legal system, and promote independent thinking
Political
: low confidence in the French government and personal dislike of the monarchs
Social
: France had been defeated by Britain in 1763 in a humiliating war
Reactions to attempts of reform
Dismissal of finance ministers
; Turgot, Necker, Calonne, Brienne: all try to introduce reforms
Dismissal of National Assembly
: demand an accurate accound of royal finances
Dismissal and later imprisonment of parliament members
: refused to support taxes until given a true account of royal finances
Meeting of Estates General
and cahiers of doleances: called because of national bankrupcy
King tries to regain control and suppress revolutionaries
: National Assembly not given power, troops moved into Paris and Versailles, Necker dismissed
Louis XVI
indecisive
weak
reluctant to accept his situation
lack of sympathy
lived extravagant life
Responses to Louis XVI actions
Tennis Court Oath:
third estate created National Assmebly
Storming of the Bastille
: destroy symbol of royal tyrnany and stole gundpowder and arms
August Decrees
: end feudalism
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
: freedom, equality, sovereignty, freedom of speech, innocent until proven guilty, right to property.
Women's march on Versaille
: protest against bread prices; brought back the king to Paris