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04 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY, image, image,…
04 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
1 DIFFICULT TIMES FOR THE MONARCHY
In 1789, the combination of a series of factors triggered the revolution.
FACTORS THAT TRIGGERED THE REVOLUTION
Inequality before the law
Economic crisis
The example of the United States
Political unrest
The liberal ideas of the Enlightenment
Social inequalities
last third of the 18th century, under the reign of Louis XVI
France a model of absolute monarchy ruled under the principles of enlightened despotism.
2 PHASES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (1791–1792)
absolutist powers of Austria and Prussia attacked France and threatened Paris in 1792
three new political tendencies appeared.
The Girondins.
The Jacobins
The Plain
THE CONSULATE (1799–1804)
He drew up another constitution that same year
new constitutional text established a Congress and a Senate with very few powers
Napoleon Bonaparte, led a coup d’état in 1799
NATIONAL CONVENTION (1792–1795)
Convention removed and imprisoned Louis XVI, and the Republic was proclaimed in September 1792.
MARIE ANTOINETTE (1755–1793)
French people accused her of defending Austrian interests and spending money on whims while the people starved
After elections, the Assembly assumed legislative and executive powers, becoming a National Convention
the period known as ‘the Terror’ began
Robespierre ordered execution of anti-revolutionaries and the suspected of being an anti-revolutionary.
coup d’état was carried out in 1794.
started the ‘White Terror’ against Jacobins
LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
originally one of many slogans created during the revolutionary period that the French people experienced starting in 1789
NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (1789–1791)
The king drew up the Constitution of 1791
IT’S A FACT!
sans-culottes identified the lower classes of Parisians as they not wear expensive silk breeches
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND OF THE CITIZEN
set by France’s National Constituent Assembly
some of the most notable articles:
Article 1
Article 3
Article 11
THE DIRECTORY (1795–1799)
new government faced the constant threat of foreign warfare
Internal instability and the lack of a definitive victory abroad led to a new coup d’état.
less open in rights and freedoms than the one from 1791
new Constitution approved in 1795
THE ESTATES-GENERAL (1789)
assembled because the Royal Treasury had problems paying its expenses and it proposed that the rich pay taxes
