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Victoria Sanchez P.2 Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Victoria Sanchez P.2 Muscular System
T1: Major Functions of Muscular System
4 Major Functions
Stabilize Joints
Stretching
Lifting weights
Generate Heat
Temperature regulation
Approx. 85% of heat comes from contracting muscles
Shivering
Maintain Posture
Relies on strong muscles
Standing
Sitting
Produce Movement
Walking
Digesting
Pumping blood
T6: Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Myosin filaments shorten in order for thin actin filaments to overlap
When nervous system alerts, myosin and actin begin to bind. This is called a crossbridge
I shortens
Z disc is closer
H zone is gone
Z disc closer to M line
A band is closer
T4: Sarcomere
A Myofibril Feature
The smallest contractile unit
Contains A band/ 1/2 I band at each end
Responsible for muscle contraction
Composed of both filaments
Myosin ( Thick )
Actin ( Thin )
T7: Action potential in a muscle fiber
ATP caused by 3 steps
Depolarization
Threshold caused, Na channels open
AP spreads, causing area to depolarize
Large influx of Na channels, it becomes uncontrollable and leads to muscle contraction
Repolarization
Na voltage gates CLOSE, K gates OPEN
K brings back resting membrane voltage
States restored with Na-K
Generation of end plate potential
Na diffuses in, ( becomes more + )
Local depolarization = end plate potential
ACh released, binds to receptors
T8: Muscle coverings (connective tissue coverings)
3 Major types of skeletal muscle coverings
Endomysium
Perimysium
The middle layer surrounding BUNDLES of fibers
The innermost layer surrounds INDIVIDUAL fibers.
Epimysium
The outermost layer of tissue surrounding the ENTIRE muscle.
T5: Neuromuscular Junction
Events
Ca entry causes release of ACh
ACh diffuses across receptors
ACh binds to receptors,
lets in Na which is
end plat potentional
Ca channels open, Ca enters
AP arrives at axon termina
Acetylcholinesterase degrades AC
T2: 3 Types of Muscles/Functions
Cardiac Muscle
Loco: Walls of heart
Shape: Branching, Striations, uninucleated/bi
Function: Contractilty/ pumping blood
Skeletal Muscle
Shape: Single, multinucleate, cylindrical
Function : movement and performance
Loco: Attached to bones
Smooth Muscle
Function: Maintaining/controlling blood pressure/O2
Shape: Single, spindle shaped, uninucleated
Loco: Walls of hallow organs
T3: Names of all Skeletal Muscles
Thorax & Back
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius
Infraspinatus
Pectoralis major
Teres minor
Pectoralis minor
Teres major
Serratus anterior
Upper Limb
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Pronator teres
Extensor carpi
radialis
Brachioradialis
Extensor digitorum
Abductor pollicis
brevis
Triceps brachii
Flexor pollicis brevis
Brachialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Biceps brachii
Breathing
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Diaphragm
Buttock & Lower Limbs
Extensor digitorum
longus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Rectus femoris
Fibularis (Peroneus)
longus
Vastus lateralis
Semitendinosus
Pectineus
Semimembranosus
Vastus medialis
Gastrocnemius
Gracilis
Tibialis anterior
Soleus
Adductors
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Abdomen
Internal oblique
Transversus
abdominis
Enternal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Head, Face, & Neck
Epicranius Frontalis
Epicranius Occipitalis
Splenius
Temporalis
Sternocleiodomastoid
Orbicularis Oris
Masseter
Zygomaticus
Orbicularis Oculi
Buccinator
Platysma
Levator Palpabrae Superioris
T9: Disorders associated with the Muscular system
5 Main disorders
Myasthenia Gravis
Def: Neurormuscular disorder that breaks neurontransmitters
Cause: Autoimmune
Symptom: Muscle weakness
Treatment: No cure
Cerebral Palsy
Def: Paralysis causing muscle weakness
Cause: Bleeding in brain
Symptom: Muscle tightness
Treatment; No cure
Muscular Dystropy
Fibromyalgia
Def: Muscle pain
Cause: Physical trauma
Symptoms: Muscle/joint pain
Treatment: Medications
Def: Muscular weakness and atrophy
Cause: Genetic
Symptoms: Mental retardation
Treatment: No known cure
Myositis
Def: Inflammation of muscle caused by infection
Cause: Infection
Symptom: Fatigue
Treatment: Medications