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Social & Economical Aspects of Lung Cancer, Economic Aspects of…
Social & Economical Aspects of Lung Cancer
What is health equity?
attainment of highest level of health for all people; addressing avoidable inequalities in regards to access to healthcare
What are social determinants of health?
conditions and circumstances that influence health of individuals
What are the social determinants of health specifically?
Education access and quality
literacy, language, higher education
health care access and quality
health coverage, provider access
neighborhood and built environment
housing, transportation, parks
social and community context
support systems, community engagement
Economic stability
employment, income, debt
Economic Aspects of Tobacco Use and Lung Cancer
Why address tobacco use through public policy interventions?
slide 1
Second Hand smoke- hazardous to health non-smokers
fiscal- higher costs of healthcare; die early and put less demand on social security and medicare;
Externalities: cost or benefit from activity that is not borne by an entity not directly involved in that activity
Slide 2
adolescence- open to experience closed to long term consequences
individuals might be better off if we raised current cost of tobacco consumption or reduced the current benefits
What are the effectiveness of different types of intervention?
Public Action: Provision of Information
campaigns limited effectiveness depending on education and certain racial groups
Are taxes effective?
Taxes are passed onto consumers
Cross border shopping allows for taxes to be avoided
consumers may switch to other drugs- alcohol, marijuana, e-cigarettes and vape products
What are evidence on Taxes?
unlikely to explain why smoking fell prior to 2000
small reduction in adults; large reduction in smoking
due to income levels
Place Based Smoking Bans
addresses second hand smoking and reducing chances for smoking
What are some issues with research methods/attributing causality?
What are general facts about smoking?
smoking more prevalent among individuals with lower income and lower education
Social Determinants of Health
Why do cancer health disparities exist?
environmental factors
social factors
cultural factors
behavioral factors
clinical factors
psychological factors
biological and genetic factors
Concepts from research methods
Goal is to identify casual associations between
exposure and outcome
What did Zavala et al. BJC convey?
socioeconomic status effects cancer
modifiable and non modifiable factors of health disparities
What were the disparities identified?
AA/B men have highest incidence rate
Hispanic and asian women have lowest incidence rate
lung cancer rates differ lot by race when exposed to same carcinogen
What are the contributions to disparities?
Screening and treatment- lower rates of scans
Genetics and tumor biology- >50% lung cancer diagnosis in non-smokers
What is the intersectionality in lung cancer outcomes?
Diagnosis and screening, treatment, and survival - have different rates among races and economic status