Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Daniel Urbina Per 1. Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Daniel Urbina Per 1. Muscular System
Major Functions of the muscular system
Mobility
Stability
Posture
Circulation
Respiration
Digestion
Urination
Childbirth
3 types of muscles and their functions
Skeletal muscle tissue
movement of bones at joints, maintenance of posture
Smooth muscle tissue
Movement of viscera, peristalsis, vasoconstriction
Cardiac muscle tissue
Pumping action of the heart
Name of all the skeletal muscles
Anterior/Superior view
Bicep Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Deltoid
External Obliques
Flexor carpi radialis
Felxor Carpi ulnaris
Frontalis
Illiopsoas
Masseter
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Parmaris longus
Pectinus
Pectoralis major
Pronator teres
Recus Abdominis
Serratus anterior
sternocleidomastoid
Sternohyoid
Temporalis
Tensor fasciae latae
Trapzius
Tricep brachii
Zygomaticus
Anterior/Inferior view
Adductor longus
Fibularis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Gastronemius
Gracillis
Illiotibial tract
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Posterior/Superior View
Brachioradialis
Deltoid
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Gluteus Maximus
Infraspinatus
Latissimus dorsi
Occipitalis (Epicranius occipital belly)
Rhomboid major
Sternocleidomastoid
Teres Major
Trapezius
Tricep brachii
Posterior/Inferior View
Bicep femoris
Adductor magnus
Gastrocnemius
Gracilis
Soleus
Fibularis longus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon (not a muscle)
sarcomere
Sarcomeres extends from one
z line
to the next
I bands (light bands)
are made up of actin filaments, which are anchored to the Z lines
A Bands (Dark Bands)
are made up of overlapping thick and thin filaments
In the center of the A band is the
H zone
which consist of myosin filaments only
the
M Line
in the center of the H zone consists of protiens that hold the myosin filaments in place
neuromuscular junction
a
synapse
between a motor neuron and muscle fiber that it regulates
sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
1). An impulse travels down a motor neuron axon
2). The motor neuron releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine(ACh)
3).ACh binds to ACh receptors in the muscle fiber membrane
4).The sarcolemma is stimulated. An impulse travels over the surface of the muslce fiber and deep into the fiber through the traverse tubules
5). The impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and calcium channels open
6) Calcium ions diffuse from the sarcoplasmi reticulum into the cytosol and bind to troponin molecules
7).Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific sites on actin where myosin heads can bind
8). Cross-bridge form, linking thin and thick filaments
9). Thin filaments are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere by pulling of the cross-bridge
10). the muscle fiber exerts a pulling force on its attachments as a contraction occurs
action potential in a muscle fiber
triggers a sequence of actions that ultimately results in the contraction and relaxation of the muscle fiber.
muscle coverings
Fascia
surrounds and separates each muscle
Extends beyond the ends of muscles and gives rise to
tendons
that are fused to the periosteum of bones
some muscles are connected to each other with sheets of connective tissue called
aponeuroses
Epimysium
layer of connective tissue around each skeletal muscle
Perimysium
extends inward from the epimysium, surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers called
fascicles
within each muscle
each muscle cell fiber is covered by a connective tissue layer called
endomysium
Disorders associated with the Muscular system
Muscular Dystrophy
Description
Muscle weakness and atrophy
Causes or risk factors
Genetic, Different type depending on mutation, Duchenne
Symptoms
Mental retardation, muscle weakness eyelid drooping
treatment options
No known cure, Physical Therapy, medication
Fibromyalgia
Description
Muscle pain
Causes or Risk Factors
exact cause is unknown, physical trauma, abnormal pain response,
Symptoms
Muscle pain, tender points, joint pain
Symptoms
Muscle pain, muscle weakness, eyelid drooping
Myasthenia Gravis
Description
Neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitter
Causes or Risk factors
Auto immune, possible tumor of the thymus, age
Symptoms
muscle weakness, shortness of breath, chewing and swallowing difficulty
Treatment Options
No Known cure, medications, thymectomy
Cerebral palsy
Description
spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Causes or Risk factors
Brain injury, Hypoxia, premature birth
Symptoms
mid to severe, delayed development, muscle tightness,
Treatment Options
No cure, Medication for symptoms, physical therapy,
Myositis
Description
inflammation of the muscles
Causes or Risk Factors
Auto immune, infection, muscle trauma
Symptoms
Muscle weakness, swelling, rash
Treatment Options
Medications, Antibodies, Reduce inflammation