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sensorimotor movement - Coggle Diagram
sensorimotor movement
brain mechanisms
cerebral cortex
primary motor cortex
precentral gyrus/frontal lobe
axons connect to spinal chord
generate impulse for muscles
intention of movement
posterior parietal cortex
monitor body position
impairements- difficulty coordinating
pre motor cortex
receives info bout targets
integrate info
position
posture
direction
preparation of movement
supplementary motor cortex
organise rapid sequence of movement
active seconds before
inhibition
anti saccade task
inhibit voluntary eye movement
requires activity of prefrontal cortex and basal
mirror neurons
active preparation and movement
understanding/imitating
brain to spinal chord
lateral corticospinal tract
set of axons
red nucleus
spinal chord
primary motor
movements in peripheral
hands/feet
opposite sides of body
medial corticospinal tract
set of axons
reticular formation
midbrain tectum
vestibular nucleus
receives inf from vestibular system
axons go to both sides of spinal chord
enables movements
cerebellum
balance/coordination
new motor programs
execution of sequences
attention
ability to shift to new stimuli
input from spinal chord
sensory systems
cerebral cortex
cerebellar cortex
neurons in patterns
parallel fibres
purkinje cells
sequential planes
greater collective duration of response
excited by parallel fibres
inhibitory message to nuclei of cerebellum
vestibular nuclei
basal ganglia
group of large subcortical structures
initiate action without stimulus guidance
motor skills
organising sequence of movement
caudate nucleus
globus pallidus
receives output
connected to thalamus
relay info to motor areas and prefrontal cortex
putamen
recief info from cerebral cortex
muscles
muscle contractions
skeletal/striatal
movement
cardiac
heart
smooth
digestive system
fibres
receive info from one axon
neuromuscular junction
synapse between motor neurone axon and fibre
acetylcholine
cause of contraction
excites skeletal
fast twitch
fast contractions and fatigue
anaerobic
slow twitch
slow fatigue and movement
aerobic/require oxygen
antagonistic
alternating contractions
extensor
extend/straighten
flexor
flexes/raises appendage
proprioceptors
detect position or movement
muscle spindles
respond to stretch
detect stretch
signal to spinal chord
Golgi tendon
responds to muscle tension
located in tendons
spinal chord
inhibit motor neurons
movements
voluntary/involuntary
reflexes are involuntary
ballistic
most reflexive and non reflexive movements
sequence of behaviours
central pattern generators
neural mechanisms in spinal chord
generate rhythm output
motor program
fixed movement in nerves system
brain disorders
parkinsons disease
gradual death of neurons
substantia nigra
usually sends dopamine axons
caudate nucleus
putamen
loss of dopamine
slower onset of movement
muscle tremors, slow movements, difficult mental/physical
causes
genetic factors
environmental
exposure to toxins
head injury
damaged mitochondria
treatments
drugs that stimulate dopamine
implanting electrodes
transplanting brain tissues
L-dopa primary treatment
percursor to dopamine
ineffective for late stages
doesn't prevent loss of neurons
unpleasant side effects
huntingtons disease
damage in basal ganglia and cerebral cortex
arm jerks/facial twitches
motor symptoms progress to tremors
impairs voluntary movements
presymptomatic testing
identify potential development
autosomal dominant gene on chromosome 4
consecutive repeats of C-A-G
more certain of developing
discovery of Huntington protein
impairs brain neurons