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Joan Torres 5th Period Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Joan Torres
5th Period
Muscular System
Major Functions of
the Muscular System
Produce Movement
Posture
Joint Stabilization
Heat Generation
Types of Muscles
and Functions
Skeletal Muscle -
Responsible for movement
Cardiac Muscle -
Responsible for contraction and pumping blood
Smooth Muscle -
Assists with digesting food
Sarcomere Diagram
A Bands -
Dark Regions
Z Disc - Middle
of I Bands
I Bands - Light
Regions
Neuromuscular
Junction
Calcium causes ACh to
be released into
the synaptic
cleft
ACh diffuses
towards the
receptors on the
sarcolemma
AP arrives
at the axon
terminal
Voltage Calcium
gate opens
allows calcium to enter
ACh binds
to receptors
and allows salt to enter
The acetylcholinesterase degrades the
ACH
Sliding Filament Theory
When nervous system stimulates the muscle fibers, the myosin attaches with the actin
The Cross Bridge gets made and destroyed, making
thin filaments pull closer towards the center and results in
the shortening of muscle fibers
The Z Disc is pulled towards M Line
The I Band is shortened
The Z Disc becomes closer
The H Zone disappears
The A Band moves closer with each other
Action Potential in
Muscle Fiber
End Plate Potential - ACh is released and binds to ACh receptor which allows chemical channels to open and lets Na diffuse into the muscle fiber
Repolarization - The restoration of resting conditions from Na being pumped out and K being pumped in
Depolarization - Generation of AP from End Plate Potential making voltage critical, causing the voltage gate of Na channels to open
Muscle Coverings
(CT Coverings)
Epimysium - Dense irregular CT surrounding the whole muscle and blends with fascia
Endomysium - Fine areolar CT surrounding each muscle fiber
Perimysium - Fibrous CT surrounding fasicles
Disorders of the
Muscular System
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - Muscle destroying disease in early childhood where there are easy tears and uneven chemical balance
Myasthenia Gravis - Droopy upper eyelids, difficulty talking/swallowing, weak muscles; an autoimmune disease
Rigor Mortis - Muscle stiffness after death; peak at 12 hours post-mortem, caused from increased calcium
Muscular Dystrophy - Muscle weakness caused by genetics
Fibromyalgia - Muscle pain that is caused by trauma, sleep disturbances, or infections
Myasthenia Gravis - Neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
Cerebral Palsy - Spastic Paralysis causing the muscles to weaken as a result
Myositis - Inflammation of the muscles that is caused by automation deficiencies, infections, or trauma