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Muscular System Alexia Avalos Period:1 - Coggle Diagram
Muscular System
Alexia Avalos Period:1
Disorders associated with the Muscular System
Muscular Dystrophy
Description
: Belly sticking out
Causes and risk factors:
Genetic, Becker, Myotonic
Symptoms
: Mental Retardation, Muscle Atropy, Delayed motor kill
Treatment
: Surgery to improve function
Fibromyalgia
Description
: Pain inside the body
Causes
: Infection
Symptoms
: Muscle Pain
Cure
: Physical therapy
Myasthenia Gravis
Description
: Lazy eye
Causes
: Autoimmune
Symptoms
: Muscle Weakness
Treatment
: Medications
Cerebral Palsy
Description
: Weak in movement
Causes
: Brain injury or abnormality
Symptoms
: seizures
Treament
: Physical Therapy
Myositis
Description
: Rash
Causes
: Muscle trauma
Symptom
: Tenderness
Treatment
: Reduce Inflammation
Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction
Myosin Head
attaches to the binding site on actin filament which forms a
crossing bridge
The binding cause the myosin head to bend making it pulling on
actin filament
and it moves toward the center
Filaments increase their overlap &
scaromere
shortens from both ends
When the sarcomere shortens then the muscle fiber shortens, as well.
ATPase
:
ATP
breakdown cause heads to return to "cocked" position, ready to bind to another actin binding site
Sarcomere
Extend from one
Z line
to the next
Striations that consists of alternating pattern of light & dark bands
I Bands
made up of actin filaments; anchored to Zlines
A Bands
made up of overlapping thick & thin filaments
Center of the A Bands is the
H-zone
which consist of myosin filaments
M Line
that is center of the
H zone
is made up of proteins that holds myosin filaments in place
Major Functions of the Muscular System
Allows movement
Control heart rate
Control breathing
Controls digestion
Speaking
Chewing
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Relaxation
Muscle Fatigue
Muscle Coverings
600 skeletal muscles
Connective Tissue Coverings
:
Layers of dense connective tissue, fascia, surround & separate each muscle
Connective tissue extend beyond ends of muscle and give rise to tendosn that fuse to periosteum of bones
Someimes muscles connect to eachother by board sheets of connective tissue, which is called Aponeuroses
Fascia blends with epimysium extend inward from epimysium; surround bundles of skeletal muscles fibers
Perimysium extend inward from epimysium; surround bundles of skeletal muscle fibers, fascicles in each muscle
Action Potential in a Muscle Fiber
Contraction
Impulse trvels down motor neuron axon
Motor neuron releases neurotransmitter acethlcholine
ACH binds to ACh receptors in muscle fiber membrane
Sarcolemma is stimulated; an impulse tr vales over surface of muscle fiber &deep into fiber through transverse tubules
Impulse reaches sarcomplasmic reticulum & calcium channels open
Calcium ions diffuse from sarcoplasmic reticulium into cytosol & bind to tropin molecules
Tropomysin molescules move& expose specific sites on actin where myosin heads that bind
Cross-bridge for, linking thin & thick filaments
Thin filaments are pulled toward center of sarcomere by pulling of cross-bridges
Muscle fibers exerts a pulling force on attachments as contraction occurs
Relaxation
Acetylcholinesterase decomposes acetylcholine & muscle fiber membranes no longer stimulated
Calcium ions actively transport into sarcoplasmic reticulum
ATP breaks cross-bridge linkages between actin& myosin filamnets without breakdown of ATP itself
Breakdown of ATP "cocks"myosin heads
Troponin & tropomyosin molecules block interaction between myosin & actin filaments
Muscle fiber remains relaxed until stimulated again
Neuromuscular Junction
Skeletal muscle Fibers contract when stimulated by Motor neuron
Each skeletal muscle fiber functionally connect to Axon of Motor Neuron, which creates a Synapse
Neuron communicates with mucle fibers by way of chemicals, Neurontransmitters, released at Synapse
Synapse between motor neuron & muscle fiber that regulates
3 Types of muscles & their functions
Skeletal
Movement of bones at joints, maintenance of posture
Smooth
Movement of viscera, peristalsis, vasoconstriction
Cardiac
Pumping action of the heart
Names of all the skeletal muscles
External Obliques
Flexor Carpi radialis
Deltoid
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Brachiradialis
Frontalis
Brachialis
lliopsoas
Bicep Branchii
Masseter
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis Oculi
Palmaris Longus
Pectinus
Pectoralis Major
Pronator teres
Rectus abdominis
Serratus anterior
Sternocleidomastoid
Temporalis
Tensor fasciae latae
Trapezium
Zygomaticus
Adductor Longus
Fibularis Longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Gastrocnemius
Gracilis
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Soleus
Tibialis Anterior
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Brachioraldialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor Digitorium
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus medius
Infraspinatus
Latissimus Dorsi
Occipitalis
Rhomboid major
Sternocleidomastoid
Teres major
Tricep brachii
Bicep femoris
Adductor Magnus
Semitendinosus
Semimenbranosus
Calcaneal