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02 POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, Garazi García Antruejo - Coggle…
02 POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICISM OF THE OLD REGIME
Political theories were developed that created reforms to
guarantee individual rights
diminish the power of kings.
Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau formulated more radical criticisms
liberalism
developed a radical opposition to the Old Regime
Criticised
inequality of the estate system
inequality between all people before the law.
feudal economy
absolute monarchs and the Church
limited individual rights and freedom of expression
fiefdoms of the nobility and the Church
inhabitants of fiefdoms had to work and pay
Serfs and Subjects
Due to privileges, fiefdoms, sovereignty
society (Old Regime) made up of serfs and subjects
Serfs
required to serve a lord
inhabitants of a fiefdom
lived under manorialism
Subjects
all the inhabitants of a kingdom
owed obedience and loyalty to their king
MERCANTILISM AND PHYSIOCRACY
Mercantilism
more precious metals a kingdom owned, the more powerful it was
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Physiocracy
agriculture should be the main source of wealth
François Quesnay
IDEAS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM
political liberalism
looking for an alternative social and political order to the existing one
Principles
The existence of unalienable individual rights.
human beings have the right to life, liberty and property and to inform, teach, publish and assemble
The division of powers.
the executive, the legislative, and the judicial
separation between the Church and the state
Sovereignty resides in the nation.
governors should be elected by suffrage
representative political power
Equality of people before the law.
same laws for everybody
Triumph of the principles
no more serfs and subjects
citizens instead
they had rights and duties
Moderate and radical liberals
Moderate
Wanted to keep the king and religion but power based on the law
reserved part of the executive and legislative power
limited the right of election
censitary suffrage
wealthy people only voted
Radical
democrats
universal suffrage
suppression of the religious power
guarantee broad freedoms
some republicans
IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
advocated individual property and greater freedom to trade
Adam Smith
developed a theory
economic liberalism
freedom to produce and buy within a free market and own private property
British economist
The Wealth of Nations
main work
liberal ideas
public power reduced in economics
had a lot of restrictions
state shouldn't intervene
law of supply and demand in a free market
what to produce
how much to produce
what price
Garazi García Antruejo