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SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
SPAIN: THE END OF ABSOLUTISM
THE PENINSULAR WAR
Spanish army’s first defeats-> people forme guerrillas
military tactic play a key role in victory over the French
French army very powerful
Junta Central forced to ally with its enemy, Great Britain
1814: After six years, the French army withdrew from Spain
soon spread
Juntas de defensa (organise the Peninsular War against France)
FROM CARLOS IV OF BOURBON TO JOSÉ I BONAPARTE
Godoy return to the policy of France's alliances
tradition of Family Compacts
Spanish joined force with French implement Continental Blockade on Great Britain
Louis XVI of France (Carlos IV’s cousin)
imprisioned
put on trial
British defeat both: naval Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
1788: Carlos IV king
2 years later, Godoy and Napoleon sign Treaty of Fontainebleau
French cross Spain to attack Portugal
Fernando: personal enemy of Godoy
not agree with this policy
led the Revolt of Aranjuez (1808) against his father
Godoy forced to resign
Carlos IV abdicate in favour of his son
Napoleon appoint his brother José I monarch of Spain
2 May 1808: people of Madrid rebel against French troops
FROM THE CONSTITUTION TO THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
CONSTITUTION OF 1812
universal manhood suffrage
separation of powers
Cortes de Cádiz approve laws to modernise Spain
sovereignty: hands of the nation
Cádiz
19 March 1812 approve the first Constitution of Spain
not under French control
two traditional elements maintained
monarchy, Catholic religion: official, only permitted religion
1812: Junta Central met in Sevilla
held elections to bring people’s representatives at the first Parliament (Cortes Generales)
write a constitution
Fernando VII return to Spain in 1814
king still support absolutism, suppress Constitution of 1812
army: supported/ liberals: persecuted, exiled
warm welcome= symbol of the nation’s restored freedom
OIHANE TXARROALDE 24 4.E
