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Diego Delgado P.3 Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Diego Delgado P.3 Muscular System
Major Functions of Muscular System
Muscles play a part in everything you do.
Muscles help you to move, speak, chew. They also control breathing, heartbeat and digestion.
Skeletal Muscles
Frontalis: Forehead
Temporalis: behind eyes
Buccal: upper cheek
Zygomaticus: cheek
Oculi: eye
Oralis: mouth
Sternocleidomastoid: side of neck
Platysma: neck area
Trapezius: trapezoids
Deltoid: shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi: lower back
Pectoralis Major: upper chest
Rectus Abdominis: abs
Biceps brachii: bicep
Brachialis: forearm
External Oblique: outer abs
Triceps brachii: triceps
Gluteus medius: hips
Gracilis: inner thigh
Sartorius: on quads
Quadraceps: quads
Gastrocnemius: calves
Tibialis anterior: outer leg
Soleus: inner leg
Tibia: leg/shin
Neuromuscular Junction
Synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle
Site for transmission of action potential from nerve to the muscle
Site for many diseases and a site of action for many pharmological drugs.
Action potential in a muscle fiber
Triggers a sequence of actions that ultimately results in the contraction and relaxation of a muscle fiber.
Excitation-contraction-relaxation cycle
Muscular Diseases
Muscular Dystrophy: genetic disease that damages muscle fibers, 1 in 6000 males, ages 5-24
Fibromyalgia: muscle pain; common in women, tender points, joint pain, lower back pain
Myasthenia Gravis: autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness, 1 in 20,000 women, anxiety disorder
Cerebral Palsy: spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness, muscle tightness, 1 in 278 children
Myositis: inflammation of the skeletal muscles caused by an infection, 1 in 1,000,000; polymyositis, 55% women.
The 3 types of muscle/ functions
Skeletal: muscles that connect to your bones, are voluntary, maintain posture, protect vital organs. Long, cylindrical, striated
Cardiac: make up layer of the heart, pumps blood out of the heart, involuntary, striated, branched, single nucleus
Smooth: located in stomach and intestines, involuntary, not striated, not branched, single nucleus
Sarcomere
basic contractile unit of muscle fiber
two main protein filaments
consists of Z-line, H-zone, I/A bands
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
When a muscle fiber contracts when myosin filaments pull actin together and shortens sarcomeres within a fiber.
Muscle Coverings
Outermost connective tissue sheath surrounding the entire muscle is known as epimysium.
Connective tissue sheath covering each fascilicus is known as permysium
Innermost is known as endomysium