Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Luis Madrigal Period 3 (Muscular System) - Coggle Diagram
Luis Madrigal Period 3 (Muscular System)
Major Functions
Allow movement, speaking, chewing
Control heartbeat, breathing, digestion
Temperature regulation and vision rely on muscular system
Muscles & Functions
Smooth
Movement of viscera, peristalsis, vasoconstriction
Cardiac
Pumping action of the heart
Skeletal
Movement of bones at joints, maintenance of posture
Anterior Skeletal Muscles
Facial
Frontalis, Temporalis, Orbicularis Oculi, Zygomaticus, Masseter, Orbicularis Oris,
Neck
Sternocleidomastiod and Trapezius
Torso
Pectoralis Major, Serratus Anterior, External Oblique, Rectus Abdominis
Upper Limb
Deltoid, Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Brachioradialis, Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus
Pelvis
Ilioposoas and Pectineus
Lower Limb
Adductor Longus, Grailis, Sartorius, Vastus Lateralis, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius, Fibularis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Soleus
Posterior Skeletal Muscles
Head
Occipitalis
Neck
Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius
Back
Trapezius, Infraspinatus, Teres Major, Rhomboid Major, Latissimus Dorsi
Upper Limb
Deltoid, Triceps Brachii, Brachioradialis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Butt
Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Maximus
Lower Limb
Adductor Magnus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Fibularis Longus, Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon
Sarcomere
H Zone- Thick (Myosin) Filaments only
I Zone- Thin (Actin) Filaments only
A Band- Contains both Thick and Thin filaments
Z line- divides Sarcomere
Neuromuscular Junction
Motor End Plate
Synaptic Cleft
Synaptic Vesicles
Mitochondria
Acetylcholine
Sliding Filament Theory- According to this theory, myosin filaments use energy from ATP to “walk” along the actin filaments with their cross bridges. This pulls the actin filaments closer together. The movement of the actin filaments also pulls the Z lines closer together, thus shortening the sarcomere.
Action Potential- The muscle action potential triggers a sequence of actions that ultimately results in the contraction and relaxation of the muscle fiber. This sequence is called the excitation–contraction–relaxation cycle
1) Calcium stored in the Sarcoplamic Reticulum release and latch on to the protein Troponin on an Actin Filament
2) This action causes the Myosin Binding sites to open up because the other protein, Tropomyosin, moved
3) The myosin heads found on Myosin Filaments connect to the binding sites and contract the muscle
4) To relax the muscle, ATP is used to break the connection and relax the muscle
Muscle Coverings
Perimysium: The middle layer surrounding bundles of muscle fibers.
Endomysium: The innermost layer surrounding individual muscle fibers.
Epimysium: The outermost layer of tissue surrounding the entire muscle
Disorders
Myasthenia Gravis
Risk Factors- Autoimmune, Age, Most ommon in women
Symptoms- Muscle weakness, Facial paralysis, Double vision
Description- Neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
Treatment- No known cure, Medication, Eye patch for double vision
Cerebral Palsy
Symptoms- Paralysis, Seizures, Muscle tightness
Treatment- No cure, Physical therapy, Medication for symptoms
Risk Factors- Head injury, Bleeding in the brain, Premature birth
Description- Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Fibromyalgia
Risk Factors- Exact cause unknown, Sleep disturbances, Most common in women
Symptoms- Muscle pain, Fatigue, Joint pain
Description- Muscle pain
Treatment- Physical therapy, Relaxation techniques, Lifestyle change
Myositis
Risk Factors- Infection, Muscle trauma, Autoimmune
Symptoms- Fatigue, Rash, Muscle weakness
Description- Inflammation of the muscle
Treatment- Medication, Antibiotics, Reduce inflammation
Muscular Dystrophy
Risk Factors- Genetic, Becker, Myotonic
Symptoms- Mental retardation, Loss of strength, Delayed motor skills
Description- Muscle weakness and atrophy
Treatment- No known cure, Surgery to improve function, Physical therapy