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Arturo Duarte P1 Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Arturo Duarte P1 Muscular System
Sarcomere
A functional unit of a muscle fiber.
Composed of thin actin and thick myosin filaments.
Action potential in a muscle fiber
The muscle action potential triggers a sequence of actions that ultimately results in the contraction and relaxation of the muscle fiber.
Diseases associated w/ Muscular System
Myasthenia Gravis
Causes/Risk Factors
- autoimmune, age, possible tumor of thymus
Symptoms
- double vision, facial paralysis, shortness of breath
Description
- neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitter
Treatment
- medications, no known cure, thymectomy
Cerebral Palsy
Causes/Risk Factors
- brain injury, hypoxia, premature birth
Symptoms
- mild to severe, seizures, paralysis
Description
- spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Treatment
- no cure, medication for symptoms, physical therapy
Fibromyalgia
Causes/Risk Factors
- possibly physical trauma, possibly infection, possibly sleep disturbance
Symptoms
- muscle pain, tender joints, joint pain
Description
- muscle pain
Treatment
- physical therapy, medication, lifestyle change
Myositis
Causes/Risk Factors
- autoimmune, infection, muscle trauma
Symptoms
- swelling, rash, fatigue
Description
- inflammation of the muscle
Treatment
- medication, antibiotics, reduce inflammation
Muscular Dystrophy
Symptoms
- mental retardation, muscle atrophy, eyelid drooping
Treatment
- no known cure, physical therapy, medication
Causes/Risk Factors
- genetic, becker, and myotonic
Description
- muscle weakness and atrophy
3 types of muscles & and their functions
Cardiac Muscle
Function : Pumping action of the heart
Skeletal Muscle
Function : provides movement and perform daily activities
Smooth Muscle
Function : Maintaining blood pressure and flow of oxygen
Major Functions of the Muscular System
Circulation
- the smooth muscle helps maintain blood pressure and circulation in the event of blood loss or dehydration
Protection
- muscles, such as the torso, protect the organs; they also protect the bones by absorbing sock and reducing friction in the joints, the same goes for the organs
Posture
- skeletal muscles help keep the body in the right position; example would be someone sitting striaght
Temperature regulation
- most of the heat in a person generated from contracting muscles
Stability
- muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint stability
Movement
- when muscles contract, it contributes to gross and fine movement; examples would be walking or running
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Myosin cross-bridge binds to actin, the power stroke moves the thin filament relative to the thick filament, ATP binds to myosin and cross-bridge detachment occurs
Muscle Coverings
the perimysium extends inward from the epimysiums it surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers, called fasicles, within each muscle
each muscle cell(fiber) is covered by a connective tissue layer called endomysium
fascia blends with the epimysium; this layer of connective tissue around each skeletal muscle
Names of all the skeletal Muscles
Posterior Veiw
Head
Sternocleidomastoid - neck
Trapezius - back of head, neck, and the back
Occpitailis - back of head
Torso
Teres major - back chest
Rhemboid major - small chest in the back
Infrospinatus - back of chest
Latissimis dorsi - the back
Deltoid - shoulder
Upper Limb
Extensor carpi radialis longus - side of forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris - right side of forearm
Brachioradialis - forearm
Extensor carpi ulnaris - inner of forearm
Triceps brachii - back of arm
Extensor digitorum - inner of forearm
Lower Limb
Semitendinosus - inner thigh
Biceps femuris - middle thigh
Gracilis - inner right part of thigh
Semimembranosus - bottom thigh
Adductor magnus - top part of thigh
Gastrocnemius - leg
Glueteus maximus - butt
Soleus - side leg
Glueteus medius - top of butt
Fibularis longus - bottom leg
Anterior Veiw
Head
Orbicularis oris - around mouth
Sternocleidomastoid - neck
Zygomaticus - cheekbone
Sternohyoid - thin neck
Orbicularis oculi - around eye
Masseter - jaw
Frontalis (epicranius) - forehead
Temporalis - side head
Trapezius - posture shoulder
Torso
External obliques - side of torso
lliopsoas - outer corner of pelvis
Rectus abdominis - abs
Pectineus - inner corner of pelvis
Serratus anterior - upper side of torso
Pectoralis major - chest
Upper Limb
Brachioradialis - forearm
Pronator teres - side of forearm
Biceps brachaili - arm
Flexor carpi radials - side of forearm
Brachialis - side of arm
Palmoris longus - side of forearm
Deltoid - shoulder
Lower Limb
Gracilis - inner part of thigh
Fibularis Longus - outer side of leg
Adductor longus - upper inner of thigh
Extensor digitorum longus - side of leg
Sartorius - middle of thigh
Tibialis anterior - middle of leg
Tensor Fascia lata - upper side of thigh
Gastrocnemius - right side of leg
Soleus - right side of leg
Neuromuscular junction
A synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle.