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Session 18: Industrial Revolution 4 - Coggle Diagram
Session 18: Industrial Revolution 4
Irreversible changes
Selling methods
spatial designs
publicity
shops and retails
competition
Production systems
qualities
multi-local processes
resources
transportation
Design changes
need of drawings
communication
industrial stylists
task specialization
New consumer tendencies
fashion
consumerism
status
capitalism
Capitalism
economic and political system where industries are controlled by private owners rather than by the state
Western World
Concepts
Adam Smith
wealth of nations: capitalism as social organisation through movable wealth privately determined by individuals, not the government
1776
Invisible Hand: pursuing one’s interests no matter of others (equilibrium and auto-regulation) in free market economy and national prosperity
Karl Marx
Capital: value is not tied to human labor but to the commodity and value is in flux (human experience and inequality), world without war and hunger
1867
Benjamin Franklin
Advice to a young tradesman written by an old one: equate time and money (life), everything is monetised and burreaucratisation
1748
Max Weber
Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism: socially accepted behaviour and attitudes (shape society around private ownership) and internal calculative rationality
1905
Capitalist Era
altruism
private property
generosity
regulations
Urgency STD
Industrial Revolution
First
Mechanisation
Second
Industrialization
Third
Automation
Fourth
Automatisation
Expansion
Japan: 1870
Europe: 1840
US: 1850
technological changes increased the use of natural resources
Empire-building countries
colonies were exploited for their raw materials
became markets formanufactured products at the metropolis
Inventions
technology -> applications -> infraestructure
Infraestructure
International markets: prime meridian
New Materials
before: manmade and what was available
(concrete, timber, stone...)
Types of iron
wrought iron (refined and low tensile)
steel (strongest, versatile, conversion...)
cast iron (impurities and strength)
Causes, Impacts and Effects
Socioeconomic and cultural
Agricultural improvements (provision of food)
wider distribution of wealth, decline of land as a source of wealth , and international trade
Political:economic power, state policies (needs)
social changes, growth of cities, development of working-class, and authority
broad order,workers acquired new and distinctive skills (instead of craftsmen working with hand tools -> machine operators)
psychological change: confidence and master
Technological
new basic materials (iron and steel)
new energy sources (fuel sand motive power: coal, steam engine...)
new machines (spinning jenny and power loom -> increased production)
work organisation (factory system -> increased division of labour and specialisation of function
developments in transportation and communication (steam locomotive, steamship...)
increasing application of science to industry (mass production of manufactured goods)
Great Exhibition
London, 1851
British Empire (context)
new manufactures
cotton textiles
Trade
consequence
catalyst
condition of growth
cause of IR
Key Figures
1808-1882 (Henry Cole)
eliminate gap between industrialist and artist -> stimulate taste
demonstrate the best art and manufacturing union by transforming production
1803-1865 (Joseph Patxon)
designing greenhouses
cultivating the Cavendish banana
