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Damian velazquez P.3 Muscular - Coggle Diagram
Damian velazquez
P.3
Muscular
Sarcomere
It extends from one Z-line to the next. I bands are created by actin filaments which anchored to Z-lines.
A band is created by overlapping thick and thin filaments. H zone comes from the center of A bands, which contains myosin filaments only.
M line comes from the center of H zone, which contains proteins that hold the myosin filaments in place.
Neuromuscular Junction
Every skeletal muscle cell is functionally connected to a motor neuron of axon creating synapse.
Neuromuscular Junction is a synapse between motor neuron and a muscle fiber that it regulates.
Cytoplasm of distal end of motor neuron has multiple mitochondria & synaptic vesicles storing neurotransmitters.
Disorders associated with Muscular system
Muscular Dystrophy
A muscle weakness & atrophy. A cause of this is Myotonic. Symptoms are muscle weakness, eyelid drooping, and delayed motor skill. Treatment for this is to have physical therapy.
Fibromyalgia
A muscle pain. A cause of this is infection or sleep disturbances. Symptoms are muscle pain, fatigue, and depression. A treatment for this is exercise regimen or medication
Myasthenia Gravis
A neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters. A cause of this is a possible tumor of the thymus. Symptoms are muscle weakness, double vision, and facial paralysis. A treatment for this is Thymectomy or eye patch for double vision
Cerebral Palsy
A spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness. A cause for this is brain injury or abnormality and brain infection. Symptoms are delayed development, abnormal gait, and paralysis. A treatment for this is medication for symptoms or surgical intervention.
Myositis
A inflammation of the muscle. A cause for this is muscle trauma. Symptoms are muscle weakness, swelling, and rash. A treatment for this reduce inflammation or medication.
Major Function
Create a force to make multiple different movements from the muscle organ
3 types of muscles & their functions
Skeletal
Skeletal muscle causes movement of bones at joints, and maintenance of posture.
Smooth
Smooth muscle causes movement of viscera, peristalsis, and vasoconstriction.
Cardiac
The cardiac muscle is the pumping action of the heart
Muscle Covering
Fascia is a dense connective tissue layer that surrounds and separate each muscle.
Tendons rises when goes beyond end of muscle. Tendon is fused with periosteum of bones
Aponeuroses is a broad sheet connective tissue that sometimes connect muscles with each others.
Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue that is around each skeletal muscle
Perimysium increases inward from epimysium; it surrounds groups of skeletal muscles fibers known as fascicles within each muscle
Endomysium is a connective tissue layer that covers every muscle cell (fiber).
Action potential in a muscle fiber
The sarcolemma is stimulated. An impulse travels over the surface of the muscle fiber and deep into the fiber through the transverse tubules.
The muscle fiber membrane in the area of neuromuscular junction has a special region known as motor end plate, which the sarcolemma is folded tightly.
Name all Skeletal muscles
Extensor digitorum
Name for action; extends digits (fingers and toes)
Biceps brachii
Name for numbers of attachments and location; has 2 origins/heads, and is found in the arm (Brachium)
Deltoid
Named for shape; shape like a triangle
Sternocleidomastoid
Name for attachments; attaches sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process
Pectoralis major
Named for size & location; large size, found in the chest
External oblique
Name for location and direction of fibers; located near outside of body, and fibers run at a slant.
Sliding filament theory
When muscle contraction happens, a myosin head connects to a binding site of actin filaments creating a cross-bridge.
As this happens multiple times, the filaments increases their overlapping, and the sarcomere shortens at both ends.
Power from ATP & ADP conversion is to help the cross-bridges by the enzyme a ATPase; ATP breakdown makes the head return to the "cocked" position, ready to bind another actin site,