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The Enlightment, Liberal economists, Political theorists, French thinkers,…

- - - - Economic changes
        
        Opposition of mercantilism
        
        Favoured by absolutism
        
        based on
        
        Accumulation of precious metals as main source of wealth for a country
        
        as a different system
        
        Physiocracy
        
        The wealth of a country comes from agriculture and productive work
        
        Economic liberalism
        
        Adam Sith
        
        The Wealth of Nations
        
        "It is in the common interest that all individuals are able to secure their own economic self-interest
      - Political changes
        
        Despotism was against the happines of a majority
        
        Setting of the basis of modern politics
        
        Montesquieu
        
        Division of powers
        
        Executive
        
        Judicial
        
        Legislative
        
        Strong emphasis on independence
        
        Rosseau
        
        The Social Contract
        
        Legitimate authority
        
        is based on
        
        1 more item...
        
        Popular sovereignty
        
        Power comes from the consent of all citizens
        
        expressed through
        
        1 more item...
        
        Voltaire
        
        Existence of parliaments
        
        Control of the budget
        
        Representation of people
        
        Supervisation of justice
        
        Limitation of monarchy's power
        
        Opposition to absolutism
      - Social changes
        
        Opposed feudal society
        
        especially
        
        The Three Estates of the Realm
        
        Unalienable rights
        
        Privileges or prestige shouldn't be inherited
        
        Social mobility
        
        Merit should be the only key parameter to obtain prestige
        
        Meritocracy
        
        Big importance in progress
        
        Natural goodness
        
        All men are crated good
        
        Society corrupts them
        
        All individuals were equal
- - - - the Enlightment
    - - because it
        
        Could threaten their position of power
    - - Education reforms
      - Rationalisation of the administration
      - Modernisation of economy
        
        Facilitation of free trade
        
        Promotion of manufacturing and trading companies
        
        Development of agriculutre and crafts
    - - Appointed Enlightment thinkers as counsellors
      - Reforms introduced
        
        Limitation of the privileges of the Mesta farme
        
        Trade with America from all Spanish ports was permitted, except Catalonia
        
        Increase of power of the king over the Church.
        
        Creation of primary schools and reforming universities.
        
        Creation of the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country
        
        Set out to make improvements in agriculture, crafts and trade.
        
        Freedom of pricing for wheat.
  - - - concerned with
        
        Science
        
        Progress
        
        Education
      - thought of
        
        Cooperation with the king
        
        Advancement of reforms
      - worried about
        
        Decline of Spain as an international power
        
        and consequently
        
        Laid out objectives
        
        Economic growth
        
        Improved education
        
        Modernisation of culture
    - - Count of Campomanes
      - Pablo de Olavide
      - Count of Floridablanca
      - Marquis of Ensenada
      - Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
      - Count of Aranda
- - - - Experiments on the force of steam
        
        Newcomen
        
        Watt
        
        Creation of the steam machine
        
        Triggered the industrial revolution
- - - - Sharing all this knowledge to anyone
      - Presenting critical ideas from Enlightenment thinkers
        
        To avoid Royal censorship
      - Bringing together all the knowledge available
- - - - i.e. tariffs between countries