Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Muscular - Jocelyn Villa Per.1 :, Fibromyalgia: Muscle pain - Coggle…
Muscular - Jocelyn Villa Per.1 :
3 types of muscles and their function
Cardiac
Pumping action of heart
Smooth
movement of viscera, peristalsis, vasoconstriction
Skeletal
Movement of bones at joints, maintenance of posture
All skeletal muscles
Shoulder/neck area: Frontalis, temporalis, orbicularis oculi, zygomatics, masseter, orbicularis oris, sternocleido mastoid, platysma, trapezius, deltoid.
Middle body area: Pectoral major, biceps brachii, serratus anterior, brachialis, brachiordialis, external oblique, rectus abdominis, tensor fascia latae
Legs/lower area: Satorious, rectus femoris, gracilis, vastus medialis, adductuer longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior, fibilaris longus.
Sarcomere
Composed of two filaments, myosin and acitin
Sliding filament theory
Repeating unit between two z lines
Striations consist of alternating patterns of light and dark bands
Light bands- made of acitin filaments anchored to z lines
A bands(dark bands)- made of overlapping thick and thin filaments, center of A band consists only of myosin filaments.
M line- center of H zone, consists of proteins that hold myosin filaments in place
Neuromuscular Junction
Skeletal muscle fibers contract only when stimulated by a motor neuron
Each skeletal muscle fiber (cell) is functionally, not physically, connected to axon of motor neuron which creates a synapse.
Neuron communicates with muscle fibers by way of chemicals called neurotransmitters released at synapse
Neuromuscular Junction: synapse between motor neuron and muscle fiber that it regulates
The muscle fiber membrane in this area has a specialized region called motor end plate, in which sarcolemma is tightly folded.
Motor end plate has specific receptors for neurotransmitters.
When electrical impulse reaches end of axon of a motor neuron, synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft, gap between membranes of neuron and muscle fiber.
When impulse reaches end of axon of motor neuron, synaptic vesicle releases neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft, gap between membranes of neuron and muscle fiber.
Neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft, bind to the motor end plate and muscle fiber to contract.
Disorders
Muscular Dystrophy: Muscle weakness and atrophy
causes/risk factors: -genetic/mutations, -duchenne, -becker, -myotonia congenital, myotonic, emery dreifuss
Symptoms: mental retardation, muscle weakness, eyelid drooping, strength loss, muscle atrophy, delayed motor skills
Treatment: no known cure, physical therapy, medication, surgery, physical activity
Sliding Filament Theory, muscle contraction
impulse travels down motor neuron axon
Motor neuron releases neurotransmitter acetylcholine(ACh)
ACh binds to ACh receptors in muscle fiber membrane
Sarcolemma stimmed impulse travels over surface of muscle fiber and deep into fiber through transverse tubules
Impulse reaches sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium channels open.
Calcium ions diffuse from sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol and bind to troponin moecules
Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific sites on acitin where myosin heads can bind.
Cross bridges form linking thin and thick filaments
1 more item...
Connective Tissue coverings
Fascia blends with epimysium. layer of CT around skeletal muscle
Perimysium extends inward of epimysium, surrounds bundles called fascicles
Each muscle covered by layer called endomysium
Major function of muscular system
Organs that gen force and cause movement
Maintain posture
Muscle contraction and relaxation
Fibromyalgia: Muscle pain
unknown, possinly: physical trauma, abnormal pain response, infection, more common in woman.
muscle pain, tender points, joint pain, stiffness, fatigue, depression, insomnia
physical therapy, massage, relaxation techniques, medication, life style change
Myasthenia Gravis: neuromuscular disorder, blocks neurotransmitters
autoimmune, poss. tumor of the thymus, age, more common in women.
no known cure, meds, eye patch for double vision
Cerebral Palsy: spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
brain injury/abnormality, hypoxia, premie birth, brain infections, head injury, bleeding in brain.
mild to severe, delayed development, muscle tightness, abnormal gait, joint contracture, paralysis, seizures.
no cure, meds for symptoms, physical therapy, surgical intervention.
Myositis: inflamation of the muscle
muscle weakness, swelling, tenderness, muscle damage, myalgia, rash, fatigue, polymyotosis.
autoimmune, infection, med induced, muscle trauma
Meds, antbiotics, reduce inflamation
muscle weakness, shortness of breath, facial paralysis