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Muscular System Emmalise Fischer P.1 - Coggle Diagram
Muscular System Emmalise Fischer P.1
Major Functions of Muscular System
Muscles allow a person to move, speak, and chew
control heartbeat, breathing, and digestion
temperature regulation and vision
3 types of muscles & their functions
Cardiac
responsible for the contractions of the heart (pumping action)
Smooth
Located in urinary system and helps with digestion and nutrient collection
Skeletal
Allows humans to move and perform daily activities and protects organs
Skeletal Muscles
30 to 40% of your total body mass
Named according to size, shape, location, action, number of attachments, and direction of its fibers.
Pectoralis: Named for size and location; large size, located in chest
Deltoid: Named for shape; shaped like triangle
Extensor digitorum: named for action; extends digits
Biceps Brachii: named for number of attachments and location; has 2
Sternocleidomastoid: named for attachments; attaches to sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process
External oblique: named for location and direction of fibers; located near location and direction of fibers; located near outside of body, and fibers run at a slant
Sacromere
unit of a myofibril in striated muscle. Has a dark band and the end of each adjacent pale band
Neuromuscular Junction
synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle
composed of three cellular elements: the nerve terminal, glial cells, and the muscle fiber
Events
nerve fiber is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber by releasing ACh causing muscle contraction.
Muscles will contract or relax when they receive signals from the nervous system
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
a muscle fiber contracts when myosin filaments pull actin filaments closer together. This causes shortening in the sarcomeres within a fiber
Action potential in a muscle fiber
Could potentially trigger a sequence that results in contractions and relaxation in muscle fibers.
Muscle coverings (connective tissue coverings)
epimysium
The outermost coverings are sheaths that surround the entire muscle
perimysium
The connective tissue sheath that covers fasciculus
endomysium
innermost sheath surrounding individual muscle fiber
Disorders associated with the Muscular system
Muscular Dystrophy
A muscle Weakness
Causes/Risks: Myotonia, Genetic becker
Symptoms: Menatl retardation, muscle weakness, eyelid drooping
Treatment options: Surgery, physical activity, medication
Fibromyalgia
Muscle pain
Causes/ Risks: unknown cause, physical trauma, infection
Symptoms: Muscle pain, tender points, stifness
Treatment options: Physical therapy, massage, medication
Myasthenia Gravis
Meuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
Causes/Risks: autoimmune, possible tumor of thymus, age
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, shortness of breath, facial paralysis
Treatment options: No known cure, Thymectomy, medications
Cerebral Palsy
Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Causes/Risks: Brain injury, hypoxia during birth, brain infections
Symptoms: Delayed development, paralysis, seizures
Treatment options: No cure, medication, physical therapy
Myositis
Inflammation of muscle
Causes/Risks: Autoimmune, muscle trauma, medication
Symptoms: Swelling tenderness, muscle damage, rash
Treatment options: Medication, antibiotics, reduce inflammation