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alexis romero period 1 05 Muscular Concept Map, j - Coggle Diagram
alexis romero period 1 05 Muscular Concept Map
3 types of muscles & their functions
Smooth muscle : Smooth muscle lines the inside of blood vessels and organs, such as the stomach, and is also known as visceral muscle.
Cardiac muscle : located only in the heart, cardiac muscle pumps blood around the body. Cardiac muscle stimulates its own contractions that form our heartbeat. Signals from the nervous system control the rate of contraction. This type of muscle is strong and acts involuntarily.
Skeletal muscle : Skeletal muscles are the only muscles that can be consciously controlled. They are attached to bones, and contracting the muscles causes movement of those bones.
Disorders associated with the Muscular system
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis n this disease, nerve cells break down, which reduces functionality in the muscles they supply. The cause is unknown. it very rare
Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition that can be fatal or result in permanent disability. Rhabdo occurs when damaged muscle tissue releases its proteins and electrolytes into the blood.
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles that worsens after periods of activity and improves after periods of rest
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body.
Muscular dystrophy.are a group of muscle diseases caused by mutations in a person's genes.
Sarcopenia has been defined as an age related, involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength
Dermatomyositis. a rare disease that causes muscle weakness and skin rash.
Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles that worsens after periods of activity and improves after periods of rest.
Polymyositis. one of a group of muscle diseases known as the inflammatory myopathies, which are characterized by chronic muscle inflammation accompanied by muscle weakness.
Names of all the skeletal muscles
Deltoid: named for shape; shaped like a triangle
Pectoralis major: named for size and location; large size, located in
chest
skeletal muscles are named according to any of these: size, shape,
location, action, number of attachments, direction of its fibers,
Extensor digitorum: named for action; extends digits (fingers, to
Biceps brachii: named for number of attachments and location; has 2
origins/heads, and is found in the arm
Sternocleidomastoid: named for attachments; attaches to sternum,
clavicle, and mastoid process
External oblique: named for location and direction of fibers; located
near outside of body, and fibers run at a slant
Major functions of the muscular system
Stability:Muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint stability. Muscle tendons in the knee joint and the shoulder joint are crucial in stabilization.
Posture:Skeletal muscles help keep the body in the correct position when someone is sitting or standing. This is known as posture.
Mobility:The muscular system’s main function is to allow movement. When muscles contract, they contribute to gross and fine movement.
Circulation:The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. The movement of the heart is outside of conscious control, and it contracts automatically when stimulated by electrical signals.
Respiration: Breathing involves the use of the diaphragm muscle.The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts, it pushes downward, causing the chest cavity to get bigger. The lungs then fill with air. When the diaphragm muscle relaxes, it pushes air out of the lungs.
Digestion: the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma
Urination: Urination, also known as micturition, is the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body
Childbirth: Smooth muscles in the uterus expand and contract during childbirth. These movements push the baby through the vagina. Also, the pelvic floor muscles help to guide the baby’s head down the birth canal.
Vision: your most important dream or mental picture. It can also be a set of dreams and long-term goals
Organ protection: remains a primary objective in the anesthetic management of patients undergoing transplantation.
Temperature regulation : Our internal body temperature is regulated by a part of our brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus checks our current temperature and compares it with the normal temperature of about 37°C.
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
a muscle fiber contracts when myosin filaments pull actin filaments closer together and thus shorten sarcomeres within a fiber. When all the sarcomeres in a muscle fiber shorten, the fiber contracts.
Action potential in a muscle fiber
Actin is a globular protein arranged in twisted filaments,
containing myosin binding sites
:Myosin consists of two twisted strands, with globular heads
projected outward along the strands
According to the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, during muscle contraction, a myosin head attaches to a binding site on the actin filament,
forming a cross-bridge
Neuromuscular junction
The neuromuscular junction is a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle (skeletal/ smooth/ cardiac).
Muscle coverings
The outermost connective tissue sheath surrounding the entire muscle is known as epimysium. The connective tissue sheath covering each fasciculus is known as perimysium, and the innermost sheath surrounding individual muscle fiber is known as endomysium.
Sarcomere
A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of a myocyte (muscle fibre). A sarcomere is composed of two main protein filaments
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