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Benjamin Wang Period 2 Muscular Concept Map - Coggle Diagram
Benjamin Wang
Period 2
Muscular Concept Map
Sarcomere
A bands (dark bands): overlapping thick and thin filaments
I bands (light bands): made up of actin filaments, are anchored to Z lines
H zone: myosin filaments only
Z line: sarcomeres extend from one Z line to the next
M line: the center of the H zone, consists of proteins that hold the myosin filaments in place
Major functions of the muscular system
The major functions of the muscular system are movement, structure, stability and produce heat.
Muscle coverings
Layers of dense CT (fascia) surround and separate each muscle. The CT extends beyond the end of the muscle and gives rise to tendons that are fused to the periosteum of bones.
Aponeuroses are broad sheets of CT that may connect other muscles
Fascia also blends with epimysium, which is the layer of CT around each muscle. Perimysium goes inwards the epimysium, it surrounds bundles of skeletal muscles (fascicles). Endomysium is the layer of CT covering each muscle cell
All skeletal muscles
Anterior/Superior View
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Masseter
Palmaris longus
Iliopsoas
Pectinus
Frontalis (Epicranius frontal belly)
Pectoralis major
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres
Rectus abdominis
External obliques
Serratus anterior
Deltoid
Sternocleidomastoid
Brachioradialis
Sternohyoid
Brachialis
Temporalis
Tensor fasciae latae
Trapezius
Bicep brachii
Tricep brachii
Zygomaticus
Anterior/Inferior View
Gracilis
Iliotibial tract
Gastrocnemius
Rectus femoris
Extensor digitorum longus
Sartorius
Fibularis longus
Soleus
Adductor longus
Tibialis anterior
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Posterior/Superior View
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Deltoid
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Infraspinatus
Latissimus dorsi
Occipitalis (Epicranius occipital belly)
Rhomboid major
Sternocleidomastoid
Teres major
Trapezius
Tricep brachii
Posterior/Inferior View
Soleus
Fibularis longus
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Gastrocnemius
Semimembranosus
Adductor magnus
Bicep femoris
Tendon (not a bone)- Calcaneal (Achilles)
Action potential in a muscle fiber
Insertion is being pulled towards the origin. Some muscles may have more than one insertion and origin.
Insertion: More movable/ flexible
Origin: Less movable/ flexible
Neuromuscular junction
a synapse between a motor neuron and
a muscle fiber that it regulates
Disorders
Myasthenia Gravis
Neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
Fibromyalgia
Muscle pain
Cerebral Palsy
Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Muscular Dystrophy
Muscle weakness and atrophy
Myositis
Muscle Inflammation
Sliding filament theory
The theory of how a muscle contracts. An impulse travels down a motor neuron axon which releases ACh. The ACh then binds to its receptors in the muscle fiber membrane. Sarcolemma is then stimulated which is when the impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium ions are diffused from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, tropomyosin molecules exposes sites on actins for myosin heads. This is when a cross bridge is formed (muscle fibers pulls on their attachment sites)
3 Types of muscles
Cardiac
makes up the wall of the heart, pumps blood, has striations single nuclei and has intercalated discs
Smooth
Makes up the walls of viscera and blood vessels, no striations and single nuclei
Skeletal
Attaches to skeleton, has striations, multi nuclei with voluntary movement