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Daniel Sanchez p.2- 05 Muscular - Coggle Diagram
Daniel Sanchez p.2- 05 Muscular
Major functions of the muscular system
involuntary control by smooth muscles
generate heat
stabilize the joints
maintain posture
it can be voluntarily controlled by skeletal muscles
3 types of muscles & their functions
Skeletal Muscle
specialized tissue that is attached to bones and allows movement
Smooth Muscle
located in various internal structures including the digestive tract, uterus and blood vessels
Cardiac Muscle
muscle specific to the heat
skeletal muscles
semimembranosus> thigh areas
gluteus maximus > butt
teres Major > back next to upper arm
trapezius > spine/scapula
Gastrocnemius (calf)
triceps brachii
Extensor digitorum forearm
deltoid > shoudler
Tibialis anterior (tibia)
gastrocemius (calf musce)
liopsoes ( inner thigh)
sartorious (thigh)
external oblique (side abdomen)
rectus abdominis (abs)
serratus anteriro
fibularis longus (leg)
pectineus (inner thigh area)
Bicep Brachi (bicep)
sternocleidomastoid ( neck)
rectus femoris ( middle of thigh)
palmaris Longus (forearm)
brachioradials
flexor carpi radialis
gracilis (thigh closer to other leg)
rhomboid major
biceps fomoris
latissius dorsal
semitendinosus (thigh area)
face
sternocleidomastodi (neck)
masseter ( cheek area)
orbiculariso culi ( around eye)
frontalis (forehead)
orbicularisoris (lower lip upper lip)
buccinator (jaw area)
zygomaticus (cheeck bone)
temporalis (side of head)
Sarcomere
polarized, a voltage exist across membrane
in the Sacromere the mitochondria causes contraction with the energy it holds
sarcoplasmic reticulum are tubes that run parallel to the myofilaments
myofilaments are structures
muscle fibers are surrounded by sarcoma
sarcolemma wraps the fibers of skeletal muslces
Neuromuscular junction
Ap arrives at axon terminal
Voltaged-gated calcium channels open, calcium enter motor neuron
Calcium entry causes release if ACH neuro transmitter into synaptic cleft
ACH diffuses across to ACH receptors on sarcolemma
ACH binding to receptors, open gates, allowing NA+ to enter resulting in end plate potential
Acetlycholinesterase degrades ACH
sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
in relaxed state thing and thick filaments overlap only sightly at ends of A band
A sliding filaments model of contraction states that during contraction, thin filaments slide past thick filaments, causing actin and myosin to overlap more
contraction ends when cross bridges become inactive
tensions generated by cross bridges on thin filaments that causes forces opposing shortening
cross bridges attachment form and break several times that causes the filaments to get pulled together and to the center
nervous system stimulates muscle fiber myosin heads are allowed to bind to actin forming bridges
action potential in a muscle fiber
Ap crosses from neuron to muscle cell via neurotransmitter acetlycholine
Neuron and muscles cells are excitable cells capable of action potential
Decision to move is activated by brain, signal is transmitted down spinal cord to motor
triggers a sequence of actions that ultimate results in contraction and relaxation of the muscle fibers
muscle coverings
endomysium: fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fibers
epimysium : dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscles
perimysium : fibrous connective tissue surrounding facicles
disorders associated with the muscular system
cerebral palsy
description > spastic paralysis, causing muscle weakness
Risk Factors > brain injury or abnormally, brain infection, head injury
symptoms > seizures, paralysis, joint contraction, abnormal gait
treatment > no cure, medication, physical therapy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
symptoms > menial retardation, ,muscle weakness, eyelid drooping
description > muscle weakness & atrophy
risk factors > genetics, duchenne, becker, myotonia congenial
treatment > no cure, physical therapy, medication, physical activity
Fibromyalgia
Symptoms > muscle pain, tender points, stiffness, fatigue
description > muscle pain
risk factors > physical trauma, infection, common in women, sleep disturbance
treatment > physical therapy, massage, medication, relaxation technique
myasthenia Gravis
symptoms > muscle weakness, facial paralysis, drooping eyelids, double vision
description > neurotransmitter disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
risk factors > autoimmune, age, common in women, possible tumor in thalmus
treatment > no cure, medications, thymectomy
myositis
symptoms > muscle weakness, swelling, tenderness, muscle damage, myalgi, rash,fatigue
description > inflammation of the muscle
risk factors > autoimmune, infection, medication induced, muscle trauma
treatment > medications, antibiotics, reduce inflammation