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INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS - CHANGE AND CHALLENGE IN THE WORKPLACE - Coggle…
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS - CHANGE AND CHALLENGE IN THE WORKPLACE
(1918-39)
The time between both World Wars there was the highest level of union unrest
There was a post-war boom --> increase in labour disputes
Followed by a slump and continued hardship in the 1920's for the working-class
Which weakened union membership
HEAVY INDUSTRIES
Old Machinery
Old Methords of production
Underinvestment
Inability to compete with foreign compeititors - USA
NEW INDUSTRIES
Mass Production
Techniques of companies --> Ford
"Two Englands"
Old and new industries
Cotton, mining and ship building
Each lost 1/3 of their workforces
Electrical Appliances - increased numbers in workforces by x2.5
Building Industries increased by 33%
STRIKES
1917 = 48 strikes, 200,000 workers Relationships between unions and governments were really bad and it reflects
1919 = 32 million days lost of strikes
1921 = After boom, wages slumpt and so 84 million days were lost to strikes
THE MINERS STRIKE (1921)
The Miners Federation of Great Britain (MFGB)
Government control of the Mines ended in (1921)
This meant it returned to private industry
Meaning Wage Cuts and Hours lengthened :red_cross:
BLACK FRIDAY (1921)
On the back of the miners strike
Strike failed as railways & Docks didn't strike on Friday 15th April
Miners did strike from 15th April-28th June but soon realised that they couldn't beat mine owners (they did a lockout) and accepted the 20% cut
THE GENERAL STRIKE (1926)
Pay cuts was coming and mine owners told miners to accept the 13.5% or be locked out earning nothing :red_cross:
(1st May 1926) - 26 million workers were locked out
RESPONSE
Trade Dispute Act (1927)
= Prevented sympathetic strikes and mass picketing
CHANGING WORK OPPITUNITIES AND CONDITIONS (1939-79)
WW2 & EMPLOYMENT
War Production - full employment
Large number of women in work :check:
Essentials work Order (1941)
Tied people to jobs considered essential for war
'Bevin Boys' --> (December 1943) 10% of young men were working in the mines rather than the military
FULL EMPLOYMENT
1940's-1970's : There was a commitment to full employment, better wages and conditions
This meant better choice of jobs
Education
Economy
Technology
FACTORIES
(1956) : Cars : 500,000
Many felt it was repetitive. espeically in the assembly line = but the pay was good :check: :red_cross:
(1951) £8.30
(1971) £30.93
Retail prices then increased by 63% as pay increased by 88% = consumer goods :check:
GROWTH OF UNEMPLOYMENT
(1972) There were 1 Million unemployed
Tyneside and South wales there was a decline of heavy industries
There was a decline of a commitment to full employment --> the Market force was too big
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (1964-69)
WILSON'S IMAGE
Beer drinking
Pipe smoking
Wearing a mac
Holidaying in Scilly Isles
He was the man of the people
He wanted to popular for the unions, but in the end he was creating legislation against unions
WILDCAT STRIKES
Not officially sanctioned strikes by union or the TUC = Increased steadily
90% of strike action was unofficial
Wilson was reluctant to intervene until a shop steward jumped up on a Napoleon Figure
3 million days were lost to strikes (1960)
4.7 million (1968)
'IN PLACE OF STRIFE' (1969)
Barbara Castle was tasked with creating new laws to prevent Wildcat Strikes and limit union power
White paper
Government could order a strike ballot before 'official' industrial Acton --> if deemed a threat to the economy
Unofficial strikes by Millitant shop stewards would be ordered back to work for 28 days cooling off period.
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (1970-79)
THE MINERS STRIKE
The Miners were underpaid and undervalued
There were high expectations of Nationalism which never happened
1970's - High living standards
Consumerism
Holidays
Home Ownership
Miners aid like the owners got to prosper but not