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Primary Bonding
intramolecular
holds individual atoms
strong…
Primary Bonding
- intramolecular
- holds individual atoms
- strong forces of attraction
Ionic Bonding
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occur when ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED from one atom to another --> CHARGED IONS by electrostatic force
polyatomic ions can be covalent or ionic bond depending if they are positively and negatively charged or not
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Properties
- can conduct electricity ONLY in molten or dissolved in aqueous solution due to ability of free ions
- cannot conduct as a solid as ions are in a fixed position
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High melting and boiling point
- smaller radius because delocalized electrons are more condensed
they are brittle
- when pressure is applied, ions shift
- causing similar ions to align and repel
- repulsion will cause the structure to crumble
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Metallic Bonding
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Properties
high melting and boiling point
- have high number of shells
- strength of bond depends how many valence electrons each atom has
- weaker strength is atom size increase (further away electrons positive ions are)
Good conductors of heat and electricity
heat- delocalized electrons can carry KINETIC ENERGY so they are able to transfer heat
Electricity - good conductors of electricity allows free flow of charged particles (electrons or ions)
Malleable and Ductile
- when hit, metals able to slide over each other without shattering
- metallic bonds do not break as electrons are free to move around the structure
- when pulled, stretches until breaks