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Cynthia Jaimes Per.3 Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Cynthia Jaimes Per.3 Muscular System
Major Function of Muscular System
Helps with movement
Maintain posture
Generates heat and maintain body temperature
Gets rid of toxins in the body
Skeletal Muscles
Posterior View
Infraspinatus
Latissimus doris
Majority of the lower back
Gluteus medius
Hips
Occipitalis
Back of the skull
Gluteus maximus
Buttocks; extends thigh and back at the waist
Rhomboid major
Connects the scapula
Strenocleidomastoid
Side of the neck
Teres major
small muscle on the back
Trapezius
Back of the neck and upper back
Tricep brachii
Back of upper arm; extends forearm at the elbow
Deltoid
Shoulder
Bicep femoris
Lateral back of thigh (part of quadriceps)
Brachioradialis
Sides of the elbow
Adductor magnus
Near the pubic area
Gastrocnemius
Back of the leg (front)
Gracilis
Long
Soleus
Back of the leg (deep)
Fibularis longus
Lateral lower leg
Semitendinosus
Medial back of thigh (part of quadriceps)
Semeimembranosus
Medial back of thigh (deep, part of quadriceps)
Hamstring
Back of the thigh
Anterior View
External obliques
Sides of the abdomen
Frontalis
Forehead; raises eyebrows
Deltiod
Shoulder
Branchioradialis
Sides of the elbow
Masseter
Jaw; closes the jaw
Brachialis
Front of the arm (deep)
Orbicularis oris
Mouth; closes lips
Biceps Brachii
Front of upper arm; flexes forearm
Orbicularis oculi
Eyes; closes the eye
Pectoral major
Front upper chest; movement medially in shoulder
Rectus abdominis
Middle of the abdomen
Serratus anterior
Along the ribs; raises ribcage
Sternocleidomastoid
Side of the neck
Temporalis
Temples; closes the jaw
Tensor fasciae latae
Muscle of the thigh connects with gluteus maximus
Trapezius
Back of the neck and upper back
Zygomaticus
Cheekbone and mouth; raises corner of the mouth
Adductor longus
Large, fan-shaped muscle located in the medial aspect of the thigh
Fibularis longus
Lateral lower thigh
Extensor digitorum longus
Lateral part of the front leg
Gastrocnemius
Back of the leg (front)
Gracilis
Inside the thigh
Rectus femoris
Middle of front thigh (part of hamstring)
Sartorius
Runs diagonal along the front thigh
Soleus
Back of the leg (deep)
Tibialis anterior
Shinbone
Vastus lateralis
Lateral thigh (part of hamstring)
Vastius medialis
Middle thigh (part of hamstring)
Quadriceps
Front of the thigh
Buccinator
Cheeks
Platysma
Front of the neck
Sacromere
Helps with the process of muscle contraction
Extends from a Z line to the next
Many units or sections of myofibrils
Contains I bands (actin), A bands (myosin), an H zone (center of A band), and M line (middle of the sacromere)
3 Types of Muscles
Skeletal
Has striations and are close together
Found in the skeletal muscle
Movement of bones at joints and maintain posture
Cardiac
Has striations and is branch like
Found in walls of the heart
Pumping action of the heart
Smooth
Looks smooth and has no striations
Found in walls of hollow viscera (blood vessels)
Movement of viscera, peristalsis, vasoconstriction
Neuromuscular Junction
Synapse between motor neuron and muscles it controls
Muscle Covering
Perimysium
Surrounding bundles of skeletal muscle
Endomysium
Surrounds each muscle cell (fiber)
Epimysium
Layer of connective tissue surrounding each skeletal muscle
Fascicles
Bundles of skeletal muscle
Sliding Filaments Theory of Connective Tissue
The myosin uses energy from ATP along the actin to form cross bridges and lets the actin slide over the myosin
In muscle contraction, muscle fibers contract when myosin filaments pull actin filaments closer to shorten the sacromere
Action Potential in Muscle Fiber
Synergists
Assists the agonist (prime mover)
Antagonists
Oppose an action
Agonist (prime mover)
Muscle that causes the action, and does the majority of the work
Disorders in Muscular System
Myasthenia Gravis
Can be caused by an autoimmune disease, possible trauma of the thymus or age
Some symptoms seen are muscle weakness, swallowing and chewing difficulty or drooping eyelids
Neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
Some treatment options are to take medications or get thymectomy
Cerebral Palsy
Can be caused by a brain injury or abnormality, premature birth or bleeding in the brain
Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness (abnormality in the brain)
Some symptoms seen are delayed movement, joint contracture or seizures
Some treatment options are to get physical therapy or have a surgical intervention
Fibromyalgia
Can be caused by physical trauma, sleep disturbances or an infection
Some symptoms seen are fatigue, muscle pain or insomnia
Muscle pain (tenderness)
Some treatment options are to get physical therapy, get a massage or change lifestyle
Myositis
Can be caused by an autoimmune disease, infection or muscle trauma
Some symptoms seen are muscle weakness, swelling or rashes
Inflammation of the skeletal muscles caused by an infection
Some treatment options are to take medication, antibiotics or reduce inflammation
Muscular Dystrophy
Can be caused by genetic disorder, myotonic or duchenne
Some symptoms seen are mental retardation, muscle weakness or delayed motor skills
Muscle weakness and atrophy (damages muscle fibers)
Some treatment options are to get physical therapy or do physical activites